Basic Writing - Definition and Examples in Composition Studies

Basic writing is a pedagogical term for the writing of high risk students who are perceived to be unprepared for conventional college courses in freshman composition. The term basic writing was  introduced in the 1970s as an alternative to  remedial  or  developmental writing. In her ground-breaking book Errors and Expectations (1977), Mina Shaughnessy says that basic writing tends to be represented by small numbers of words with large numbers of errors. In contrast, David Bartholomae argues that a  basic writer  is not necessarily a writer who makes a lot of  mistakes (Inventing the University, 1985).  Elsewhere he observes that the distinguishing mark of the basic writer is that he works  outside the conceptual structures that  his more literate counterparts work within (Writing on the Margins, 2005). In the article Who Are Basic Writers? (1990), Andrea Lunsford and Patricia A. Sullivan conclude that the population of basic writers continues to resist our best attempts at description and definition. Observations Mina Shaughnessy had much to do with encouraging the acceptance of basic writing as a distinct area of teaching and research. She named the field and founded in 1975 the Journal of Basic Writing, which continues as one of the most important vehicles for the dissemination of research articles. In 1977, she published one of the most important scholarly books on the subject, Errors and Expectations, a book that remains the most important single study of basic writers and their prose... [O]ne of the values of her book is that she showed teachers how they could, by viewing errors as linguistic misconceptions, determine the causes of writing problems that on the surface might appear confusing and unconnected.(Michael G. Moran and Martin J. Jacobi, Introduction. Research in Basic Writing: A Bibliographic Sourcebook. Greenwood Press, 1990) Speaking (and Writing) the Language of the University Every time a student sits down to write for us, he has to invent the university for the occasion--invent the university, that is, or a branch of it, like History or Anthropology or Economics or English. He has to learn to speak our language, to speak as we do, to try on the peculiar ways of knowing, selecting, evaluating, reporting, concluding, and arguing that defines the discourse of our community...One response to the problems of basic writers, then, would be to determine just what the communitys conventions are, so that those conventions can be written out, demystified, and taught in our classrooms, Teachers, as a result, could be more precise and helpful when they ask students to think, argue, describe, or define. Another response would be to examine the essays written by basic writers--their approximations of academic discourse--to determine more clearly where the problems lie. If we look at their writing, and if we look at it in the context of other student writing, we can bet ter see the points of discord when students try to write their way into the university.  (David Bartholmae, Inventing the University. When a Writer Can’t Write: Studies in Writer’s Block and Other Composing-Process Problems, ed. by Mike Rose. Guilford Press, 1985)[T]he real challenge for us as teachers of basic writing lies in helping our students become more proficient at abstracting and conceptualizing and hence at producing acceptable academic discourse, without losing the directness many of them now possess.  (Andrea Lunsford, quoted by Patricia Bizzell in Academic Discourse and Critical Consciousness. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992) Where Do Basic Writers Come From? [T]he research does not support the view that basic writers come from any single social class or discourse community... Their backgrounds are too complex and rich to support simple generalizations about class and psychology to be particularly useful in helping to understand these students.(Michael G. Moran and Martin J. Jacobi, Research in Basic Writing. Greenwood, 1990) The Problem With the Growth Metaphor Many early studies of basic writing in the 1970s and 80s drew on the metaphor of growth in order to talk about the difficulties faced by basic writers, encouraging teachers to view such students as inexperienced or immature users of language and defining their task as one of helping students develop their nascent skills in writing... The growth model pulled attention away from the forms of academic discourse and towards what students could or could not do with language. It also encouraged teachers to respect and work with the skills students brought to the classroom. Implicit in this view, though, was the notion that many students, and especially less successful or basic writers, were somehow stuck in an early stage of language development, their growth as language users stalled...Yet this conclusion, pretty much forced by the metaphor of growth, ran counter to what many teachers felt they knew about their students--many of whom were returning to school after years of work, most of w hom were voluble and bright in conversation, and almost all of whom seemed at least as adept as their teachers in dealing with the ordinary vicissitudes of life... What if the trouble that they were having with writing at college was less a sign of some general failing in their thought or language than evidence of their unfamiliarity with the workings of a specific sort of (academic) discourse?(Joseph Harris, Negotiating the Contact Zone. Journal of Basic Writing, 1995. Reprinted in Landmark Essays on Basic Writing, ed. by Kay Halasek and Nels P. Highberg. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001)

Compare how difficult relationships are portrayed by Simon...

In both â€Å"Harmonium† and â€Å"In Paris with you†, a difficult relationship is portrayed though Armitage and Fenton write of two different kinds of relationships, the reader has no problem detecting the difficult relationship. One of the very first things we see in â€Å"In Paris with You† is the speakers inability to say the words ‘I’m in love you’, frequently he says â€Å"I’m in Paris with you† as a replacement, using the city that is associated with love and romance instead. Perhaps Fenton is trying to portray that the speaker was hurt through a relationship in the past which is not allowing him to say the word â€Å"love† due to a painful association. The only times the speaker ever mentions â€Å"love† is with negative connotations, he says â€Å"do not talk to†¦show more content†¦In this way Armitage may be suggesting that they use to have a close relationship, but have grown distant with time and age. The speaker looks back onto, perhaps fonder times where the Harmoniums â€Å"hummed harmonics still struck a chord† and â€Å"where father and son,/each in their time† had sung, implying that the speaker wants to have the relationship he used to have with his father, however the speaker still is not able to express his feelings clearly enough, only able to â€Å"mouth† a â€Å"shallow or sorry phrase†. In â€Å"In Paris with You† there are also mentions of the past, in the very first line the speaker says â€Å"don’t talk to me of love, I’ve had an earful† implying that the relationship is purely physical in his mind, this is further implied in the third stanza when the speaker asks to forgo a date. â€Å"Do you mind if we do not go to the Louvre,/ if we say sod off to sodding Notre Dame,/ if we skip the Champs Elysà ©es,/And remain here† in these three lines the speaker is very specific, this implies that going to the Louvre and Notre Dame is something he has done before, perhaps with his last lover, and is purposely trying to avoid doing it again and thereby avoiding a relationship. The speaker asks to skip the date and the romance, the speaker is n ot asking for love but sex, he says he’s â€Å"in Paris with the slightest thing [she does]†, â€Å"with [her] eyes,† â€Å"[her] mouth† and â€Å"all points south†, all very physical descriptions implying sex.

An electric generator works and what parts it consists Essay Example For Students

An electric generator works and what parts it consists Essay An electric generator is basically an electric motor working backwards. An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, and an electric generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. An electric generator looks almost identical to an electric motor. Each consists tot loop that is able to rotate in a magnetic field, The electric motor uses electrical energy to make the loops rotate which creates mechanical energy. In the electric generator t uses mechanical energy to make the loops spin resulting in the creation of electric current within the loop. The way an electric generator functions is based on the principal of electromagnetic induction. Electro magnetic induction is when you move a wire through a magnetic field causing electric current to enter the wire. As long as the magnet and the coil move relative to each Other, a potential difference is produced across the coil and current flows in the coil. A potential difference is also produced if the magnetic field through the coil grows stronger or weaker. The greater the rate at which the magnetic force through the coil changes, the greater the potential difference is produced. The key is that the magnetic field through the coil must be changing. Michael Faraday. An English scientist, and Joseph Henry of the United States independently proved this theory in 1831 Electric generators have many uses. Extremely large generators are used by electrical utilities to generate power for their main power grids. When you are selecting a generator you should select a generator with a power rating higher than you need. That way you wont have to run it at full load because it is bad for efficiency, and rough on the machine. The power ratings to an electric generator are based on the ability for the owner to overcome generator losses and how easily it will overheat. Hydroelectric plants use generators. The falling water which Tums the turbine is the mechanical energy, and when the turbine turns it produces electrical energy. Connected to the generator are transmissions lines that run to houses and other buildings to deliver their electricity)h Most very large generators are either run by the kinetic energy of steam or running water. Never knew that electric generators were used so much and were so important in the process Of us getting our electricity. I now know how an electric generator works and the many uses it has. How an electric generator works and what parts it consists of.

Asthmatic Bronchitis

Question: Write an essay on The causes of asthmatic bronchitis. Answer: Every time a person breathes in, the air enters through the nose and mouth. The air then flows down ones throat into a series of passages of air called the bronchial tubes. These tubes are supposed to be open so as to allow for the air to reach the lungs where the oxygen gets passed into the blood plasma to be transported into ones body tissues. If inflamed, the airways get complications with the air being blocked as the passage becomes impossible (Anon, 1975, 16). With the passage being blocked and less air getting in, there is a shortage of air in the lungs and as such, breathing difficulty becomes imminent. The individual becomes and feels short of breath. This may lead to an obvious case of wheezing and or coughing in an attempt draw in more oxygen via the tightened passageways. Bronchitis and asthma are known to be two inflammatory airway disorders. Acute bronchitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the airway lining that normally recovers itself after going through its course. The causal agents for this condition are either viruses or bacteria. Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, being the longest regarding its shelf-life is triggered by one being exposed to environmental agents of irritation like tobacco, dust, smoke and chemicals among other irritants (Springer, 2016, 33). Asthma, on the other hand, is an inflammatory disorder that causes the tightening of muscles surrounding the airways as well as their swelling which in most cases, causes the airways to narrow (Springer, 2016, 30). The causes of asthmatic bronchitis There are many triggers known to trigger the release of inflammatory elements. The common trigger of asthmatic bronchitis includes tobacco smoke, allergens like pollens, dust, mold, food additives, chemicals, some groups of medications like aspirin and beta-blockers, weather changes and viral or bacterial infections. The symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis include shortness of breath, wheezing, tightness in chest, coughing and mucus production in excess. It should be noted that asthmatic bronchitis is not contagious (Springer, 2016, 30). DRG refers to a system of patient classification based primarily on their related diagnosis and co-morbidities, complications and procedures that form the basis for calculating the public hospital funding in Australia. In full, AR-DRGs is Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups, which in this brief, Asthma and Bronchitis is given attention. The DRG consists of 670 patient classes and which are allocated classes that are used to determine their weighted inlier equivalent separation (WIES) value for a given patient admission which ultimately, is assigned a dollar value (Hosford-Dunn, et al., 2008, 12). Essentially, a DRG program is put in place to help determine the kind of DRG is suitably assigned for a given patient based on the coded ICD analysis, additional diagnoses as well as other procedural codes (Hosford-Dunn, et al., 2008, 12). DRG standards in Australia The National Case-mix and Classification Centre formed part of the Australian Health Services Research Institute and was formed in March 2010 after efforts by the University of Wollongong in its move to develop international Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems among other major health concerns (Mackay, B., 1995, 9).The Australian Health facilities have thus adopted a DRG coding system at which point 23 major categories of diagnoses are based. For any patient admission, a DRG Grouper analysis is carried out which then allocated individual patient based on age, sex, their clinical edits and consequently, assign them an MDC, performs a pre-MDC processing on them, assigns adjacent DRG and then compile and comorbid the level and determines the level of the complexity of the PCCL assignment. After determining the above, it then becomes clear for the DRG Grouper to assign a patient a DRG (Mackay, B., 1995, 9). The common notable DRG codes for admissions without catastrophic co-morbidities with this respect in UTS Hospital is E69B. By definition, Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways. Among susceptible individuals, the inflammatory processes cause some recurrent episodes of collagen deposition, breathlessness, cough, chest tightness and wheezing. These episodes are normally accompanied by variable obstructions of air which are sometimes reversible by treatment or just a spontaneous process (Moore, G., 1890, 11).It should be noted that asthma inflammations are characterized by hyper-reactivity of the bronchial. The inflammation, therefore, becomes the result of the vasodilation as well as the increase of the vaso-permeability and endothelial adhesiveness to the leukocyitic cells from circulation to the body tissues and fluid (Moore, G., 1890, 11). Close to 22 million Australians have asthma, and it is among the common chronic diseases among children whose numbers are capped at 6 million. The weight of the disease affects not only the patients but also the families and society as a whole regarding schooling and other costs that are directly related to production (Anon, 2009, 10). An improved scientific concept of understanding the asthma conditions has seen remarkable interventions that have posed significant improvements on how to handle cases of asthma. There are no exact causes of asthma, and it is believed to be as a result of the combination of several factors even though the two main factors are thought to include environmental and genetic factors (Anon, 1973, 143-144). This report includes a multi-scenario forecast for asthma therapeutics in Australia. The current asthma treatment guidelines and choices, a detailed pipeline analyses, a clinical trial result, the main drivers and barriers, the promising pipeline molecules and the strategic as well as co-development deals among the key players in therapeutic asthma markets. Treatment of asthma can be classified as either long term meditation or a quick relief meditation that are aimed at relieving the exacerbations as well as the acute symptoms. The long term control meditations are known to include Inhaled Corticosteroids, immunomodulators, cromolyn sodium, nedocromil, methylxanthines and leukotriene modifiers (Tulchinsky et al. 23). Additionally, the long acting beta-adrenoceptor Agonists also abbreviated as LABAs can be made use of when combined with inhaled corticosteroids. This should however not be used a monotherapy for the severe or mild asthma. To date, only one biologic omalizumab is recognized and approved as an add-on treatment of therapy for allergic asthma in Australia. Nonetheless, there is an unfulfilled need that is yet to be met, and that is the treatment of acute eosinophilic asthma (Tuberculosis, 1969, 21). Scope of the report The contemporary asthma market in Australia contains novel products that include Xolair, which is a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, seretide/ Adoair, an ICS-LABA among others. Having over 274 molecules, some late stage investigational f=drug candidates are under evaluation with improved dosing administration and regime routes being compared to the contemporary market products (Einf, 1970, 24-26). The analyses of the clinical trials carried out since the year 2006 has brought about the identification of failure rates when it comes to asthma molecules. These were capped at the highest rate being in Phase III representing a percentage of 46, an overall attrition rate of the development of asthma being capped at 78 percent (Lorig, K. 2012, 17). In the forecast period of between 2017 and 2021, the asthma therapeutics in the Australian continent is expected to rise in value at a compound annual growth rate of 7.2 percent that ranges from $3.5 billion to close to $5.6 bi llion (Maddock, A.,1855, 18). The rising prevalence and the uptake of newer biologists are projected to have a significant market growth in the course of the forecast period despite the affordability issues. The importance of this report This report will help the UTS hospital governing council in- Understanding the clinical context of bronchitis and asthma through the considerations of symptoms, etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and the treatment options. Identifying the strategies of therapy, products and the companies that dominate the current products landscape and the recognition gaps as well as the areas of the unmet needs. Identifying the key pipeline trends in the molecule type, novelty, administration route, and the mechanism of action for the same Considering the market opportunities as well as the potential risks through examining the trends in asthma and bronchitis clinical trials, duration, and failure rates through a stage-wise development, molecule types and the mechanism of action of the trial. Recognizing the late stage molecules that demonstrate strong therapeutic potentials in asthma through the examination of clinical trial data as well as the multi-scenario products that forecast the projections. Discovering the trends in the licensing and development deals that concern the asthma products as well as identifying the key strategic consolidations that shape the commercial landscape. Notably, there are comparatively a trivial number of patients having chronic medical conditions, and this accounts for the larger percentage of the inpatient costs. There is some considerable evidence asserting that case management can help in improving the quality of life health wise as well as reducing the number of time a patient can get readmitted. To establish whether or not a statistical algorithm can be employed in identifying patients risks of readmission and whoever will derive benefits from the case management (Understanding bronchitis and asthma, 1965, 296). METHODS The UTS database for the hospital patients who had at any time secured an emergency admission for the chronic medical disorders like the congestive heart failure, the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dementia among others. The multivariate logistic regression was employed in developing an algorithm for the prediction of readmission within a given period of time. The performance of this algorithm was piloted against recoded readmissions with such considerations done on sensitivity, likelihood ratios and specificity (Russell, H., 1934, 231-231). Results There were several factors that were identified to serve as sure predictors of readmission, that is, age, economic disadvantages, co-morbidities and previous cases of admissions among other factors. The power of discrimination model proved to be modest as was determined by the area under receiver operating characteristics known as the ROC curve denoted as c and caped at c= 0.65. At a score threshold that is capped at 50 and which is considered a risk zone, the algorithm was identified to be 44.7 percent of the patients who were admitted with a condition of admission being in the 12 months of 37.5 percent of the patients flagged incorrectly (Shayevitz, M., Shayevitz, 1991, 31). The statistical algorithm based on the UTS hospital data accomplished just some moderate identification of patients at risk of getting readmitted. Data The data for the patients in the public sector came from the UTS hospital, meaning that the inter alia, the demographic traits of patients, the principal diagnosis, the other treated conditions, and other procedures performed to the effect. The UTSHAPDC is kind of similar to the routine databases of the inpatient in some states and territories within the Australian continent and is also more likely to differ substantially from the states in the United Kingdom (Simpson, A. 1857, 57). The inclusion criterion In the survey, a list of 28 conditions was made use of. These included congestive heart failure, the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dementia among others. Below is the reference table used in defining cases for the predictive algorithm. Patients were picked for inclusion in this study if they had any form of an emergency inpatient admission for the reference condition. The admissions represented a percentage of the inpatients identified to be using the AR-DRG codes as well as the emergency admissions of inpatients as defined in the treating physicians opinion. In case the patient had more multiple emergency admissions, the first admission is taken as the trigger for the admission for purposes of consistency with the precious studies. Sensitivity analyses carried out indicated that patients with multiple admissions made no difference concerning the results whether the first or the last admission was selected for purposes of triggering the admission (Watts, R. 1999, 249-252). Outcome measure Patients were classified as either readmitted if within the first 12 months after discharge for purposes of initiating admission, they had witnessed at least an acute admission. The predictor variables The demographic characteristics of the area of focus were obtained from the trigger entry and entailed such factors as sex, age, Indigenous statuses, socioeconomic status and marital status among other traits. The Indigenous status was collected from the UTSHAPDC and categorized as non-indigenous versus native. The use of SEIFA mainly characterized the socio-economic status, particularly noted as the social and economic indexes for the areas, the index of the disadvantages and advantages based on the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This is by all means a composite measure describing an area advantage or disadvantage based on the range of social as well as economic factors based on the census data (Weissflog, D. 2000, 333). Co-morbidities The presence of the co-morbidities recognized from the perspective of both primary and secondary diagnoses for the trigger of admission as well as the acute admissions before the trigger makes up the event. Having the decision to carry out an evaluation of the comorbidities throughout the admissions including the admission for trigger was meant to give an account of the potential lapses as used in the coding of the various diagnoses. The comorbid conditions in the question were synonymous to the reported study in the United Kingdom (Weissflog, D. 2000, 333). The comorbidity conditions as evaluated in the development of risk algorithm Statistical algorithm Predictive algorithm The predictive algorithm as developed through the use of logistic regression. This regression was applied to the SAS version of 9.1. The predictor measures were given a further analysis within the natural groups and aimed at minimizing the co-linearity and the prevention of a vast number of the conceptually equal measures from doing anything close to saturating the archetype. For instance, the social demographic variables entered into the regression model as a group identifying the best subset for purposes of the proposed selection methods (Maddock, A., 1855, 24). CONCLUSION For the purpose of consistency, the previous admissions as enumerated preceded the trigger admissions for the number of years. These included such things as any forms of admission or the kind of emergency admission. The measures so displayed indicated the natural skewness of the hospital use of data which was seen to be resolved through the measure of the ordinal variable being categorized as 0, 1, and 2 and so on. Works Cited Anon, 1998. Clinical management of HIV and AIDS at district level, New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia. Anon, 1975. Health and safety a survey of provisions in labor agreements in the federal service, October, 1975, Washington, D.C.: The Office. Asthma. SpringerReference. https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference_44133 Bronchitis, Chronic. SpringerReference. https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference_110130 Hosford-Dunn, H., Roeser, R.J. Valente, M., 2008. Audiology: practice management, New York: Thieme. Mackay, B., 1995. Kaupapa Maori and responsiveness: management responsiveness to Maori health issues in the reformed health service of the 1990's: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Policy, Department of Social Policy and Social Work, Massey University, Aotearoa, Moore, G., 1890. Bronchitis and asthma: their spray and pneumatic treatment, London: James Epps. Anon, 2009. Personalized Data Service For Master Data Management. Proceedings of the International Conference on e-Business. Anon, 1973. Foundations for Health Service Management. Public Health, 87(4), pp.143144. Tulchinsky, T.H. Varavikova, E., The new public health, Tuberculosis, Climate, Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis. (1969). https://doi.org/10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-00064-1 Lorig, K. (2012). Living a healthy life with chronic conditions: self-management of heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, depression, asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and other physical and mental health conditions. Boulder, CO: Bull Pub. Co. Maddock, A. B. (1855). Pulmonary consumption, bronchitis, asthma, chronic cough and various diseases of the lungs, air-passages, throat, and larynx successfully treated by medicated inhalations; illustrated with cases. Philadelphia: Vanhorn. Understanding bronchitis and asthma. (1965). Public Health, 79(5), 296. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(65)80050-6 Russell, H. S. (1934). Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis. Bmj, 2(3839), 231231. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.3839.231 Shayevitz, M. B., Shayevitz, B. R. (1991). Living well with chronic asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. Yonkers, NY: Consumer Reports Books. Simpson, A. (1857). Compressed air as a therapeutic agent: in the treatment of consumption, asthma, chronic bronchitis and other diseases. Edinburgh: Sutherland and Knox. Watts, R. W. (1999). Asthma Management In Rural Australia. Aust J Rural Health Australian Journal of Rural Health, 7(4), 249252. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.1999.00235.x Weissflog, D. (2000). Prs17: Epidemiology and Costs Of Bronchial Asthma And Chronic Bronchitis In Germany. Value in Health, 3(5), 333. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1098-

Biopsychology Essay Essays - Nervous System, Perception,

Biopsychology Essay Juliet M. Kyeva University of Roehampton Introduction The human senses are continuously receiving information that needs to be attended to, processed and then perceived. Through attention and perception, we can make sense of the world around us. Each person has their capacity for attention and level of perception depending on their physiological makeup . The human visual system is an integral part of the central nervous system. The visual system enables us to process visual sensory receptors (stimuli) and to form a representation (visual perception) of the stimulus needed for decision making. Without visual perception, a person is said to be blind. Visual System Anatomy The Anatomy The eye is physically made up of the cornea, the lens , the pupil, the iris and the retina working together as a team for the proper functioning of the eye. The cornea is the protective outer layer of the eye which allows light to pass through. The lens' function is to focus light to the back of the retina. For the purpose of focusing, the lens chang es its shape producing clear images of what the eye sees. The retina is that part of the eye that is sensitive to light. It lines the back of the eye and posses se s photoreceptor cells to detect color and light. The retina receives the light signals from the lens and then projects images from the light signals through the optic nerve. The lens of eye lies between the pupil and the iris. In the unfortunate case of the retina detaching itself from where it lies, this could potentially lead to blindness . The eye's retina senses visual information . The retina has two primary visual receptor cells. The first receptor cell is the codes (for color vision and sharpness of vision) situated in the center of the retina. The second receptor cell is the rods (specialized for vision in dim light and movement detection) loc ated in the outer parts of the retina. Light signals pass through the cornea to the iris. The Iris has the pupil which regulates the amount of light passing through the eye. A lens focuses this light to the back of the eye. (Eysenck Keane 2010 pg 36 ). Physiology T he retina's c ells are sensitive to light. These cells trigger nerve signals impulses which then travel along the optic nerve through ganglion cells' axons to signal the brain. Visual stimuli use two different paths. Light received through the right hemifield is directed to the left retina sending signals to the left lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) while light received through the left hemifield is directed to the right retina sending message s to the right lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) . Each eye has an optic nerve, so both nerves meet at the optic chiasma. From here, the signals continue traveling along the right and left optical tracts inside the brain to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The final destination for these signals is the primary and secondary visual cortex where further visual processing takes place. The visual cortex occupies about twenty percent of the entire cortex. (Eysenck Keane 2010 pg 37). Different parts of the brain process different visual stimuli, for example, color, movement, facial recognition, depth, object recognition , etc. Brain damage affecting a particular region can cause visual disorders. For example, a patient diagnosed with prosopagnosia loses the ability to recognize faces , but they will still be able to identify objects. (Rensink, R.A. 2013) Function of vision Neurological studies and research have helped us to see how the eye is a vital physiological component in Information process. The retina and the prima ry visual cortex act as filters, choosing the most relevant stimuli that will be attended to, processed and later perceived. Output data passes through the retina to the next higher levels of Information processing of more complex stimuli such as human faces. ( Rensink, R.A. 2013) The nervous system and how it relates to B iopsychology Biopsychology is a branch of psychology where that studies the nervous system (the brain and neurotransmitters) as pertains to the mind and thoughts, feelings behavior. The nervous system coordinates out actions and transmits

Reasons behind bombing essays

Reasons behind bombing essays Reasons for use of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by America........... Reason 1: Four years prior to use of the atomic weapons, the Japanese had fought viciously, ferociously and bravely and all up, were more more than America had bargained for. This had cost more than three hundred thousand American lives. The aim of the US Government was to finish the war with minimum casualties, as weighed to other matters, the cost on human lives was great. It was estimated by advisors of President Truman in 1945, that within the next two years, if the war continued, that the death toll of Americans would be at least a million. The explanation of Truman, a day after the bomb was dropped stated "...we have used it in order to save thousands and thousands of young Americans...". The Japanese had a further four million troops complimented by four thousand eight hundred kamikaze aircraft and pilots. The kamikaze pilots had had a great affect on American military, the planes sunk fifteen US vessels and damaged a further two hundred. To invade Japan was going to put a h uge strain on American budget, different means to winning the war was needed, the bomb...was the answer. Reason 2: Another reason for wanting to end the war so quickly was because of the Soviet Union. It was a known fact that a prolonged war with Japan would eventually involve USSR. This also meant that after the war, parts of Eastern Asia would be occupied by the Soviets. This theory was proved when the war in Europe ended in May 1945, the USSR was found to be in control of most of Eastern Europe. This gave them the stepping stones to spread communism which was feared by the Western World. If the war wasnt brought to an abrupt halt, it looked as if there would be war with the Soviets. Reason 3: The cost of the war was having a damaging effect on the world's economy. An estimate brought the cost of the war (globally) to approximately one trillion dollars. Millions and mil ...

Community interpreting level 3 course assignment Essay

Community interpreting level 3 course assignment - Essay Example The linguistic model interpreter must be fluent while the community interpreter is not always fluent. A linguistic model is basically used in conferences and multilingual meetings. One of the reasons for declining any given assignments includes existence of a conflict in the interpreter’s schedule. The interpreter might not be available or may be committed to other activities. This may result to a conflict thus the interpreter is forced to compromise. Another logical reason for declining an assignment is the topic failing to be in the interpreter’s region of expertise. The interpreter may also lack enough material of preparation thus leading to the decline of the assignment. Furthermore, there might be a conflict of interest by the interpreter especially is they are related to the client and finally the interpreter may fail to agree with the conditions and terms of the assignment (Naom, 2006). Issues like payment, the working conditions and working hours are very prevalent. Before accepting any interpreting session the translator should have the details of the client such as their dialect so as to know what to prepare for the assignment. The translator should have the deadline for the work so as to know the speed to utilize. They also need to have details of a pre-interview so as to prepare themselves adequately. When preparing for an interpreting assignment the interpreter should call the client so as to make sure they are aware of the interpreting appointment (Kalina, 2005). The assignment should be within the field of expertise of the translator and there should be no conflict of interest. When preparing for the research the translator should research so as to familiarize themselves with the assignment. A pre-interview should be carried out so as to allow the client to give factual cultural information that will help the research. The impartiality trait of a translator may be compromised when faced with issues like trauma and sexual violence. The

Strategic grouping, competition, and consumer behavior Essay

Strategic grouping, competition, and consumer behavior - Essay Example The paper will analyze five sectors that are denoted as follows (with their corresponding NAICS codes): 44812 (women’s clothing), 448310 (jewelry stores), 45391 (pet stores and supplies), 722330 (mobile food services), and 72111 (hotels and motels). Furthermore, the discussion between these five industries will analyze class, category, forms, and brands that exist within each; helping the reader to gain a further level of interpretive understanding that relates to the way in which these entities compete and exist within the current environment. Through an analysis of these metrics, the author will be able to provide the reader with a more in-depth analysis of the way in which the following markets work and the levels of consumer choice, substitutability, and competition that exists within each one of these.   Though it might be understood that competition is guaranteed, the reality of the fact is that differing levels of competition create unique opportunities and help to de fine markets that would otherwise be incorrectly categorized.   The first industry that will be analyzed is that of the NAICs code of 44812, or women’s clothing – listed under the retail trade 44- NAICs category.   Naturally, the class and category of this particular industry are that of consumer goods relating to fashion.   Yet, extreme diversification exists with respect to the forms and brands of actual industries that compete within this sector.   For instance, Forever21 competes alongside the likes of Versace and Prada.

Phonology and the Teaching of Pronunciation Essay

Phonology and the Teaching of Pronunciation - Essay Example In English, most connected speech processes are unimportant when distinguishing between speakers of all accents (Roach, 2004:1). Native speakers have many tools for dealing with unclear words and sounds that are caused by connected speech for they are already familiar within that context. But native speakers also experience stumbling over their words because of their lack of awareness of the little tricks or the rules in avoiding the difficulties in speech. Studying connected speech is important because of two essential factors (Basquille, n.d.:4). First, native speakers of the English language do not pause between each sound or word, as already mentioned, but they move effortlessly from one sound or word to the next. Second, English is considered as a malleable language, meaning not all syllables within a word are equal. There are weak syllables that disappear or not heard at all and strong syllables that are stressed and lengthened. An example is the question: "How long have you been living here" where the "how" is hardly pronounced, "have you been" contracts, and "long" and "living" expand. Because English has been described as "stress-timed as opposed to a syllable-timed language", meaning stressed and unstressed syllables may extremely vary at irregular intervals of time, sentences are quite elastic (Basquille, n.d.:4). ... These refer to the different aspects of connected speech: 1) vowel weakening, 2) assimilation, 3) elision, 4) intrusion and linking. This paper aims to find out the rules that native speakers of English follow to string words together that brings confusion and problems to students who are learning English. Vowel weakening, assimilation, elision and intrusion and linking are the features of connected speech that are necessary for learning English, whether a native or a non-native speaker. Aspects of Connected Speech Vowel Weakening In the phonetics of English, weak forms refer to the group of words which have one pronunciation: strong when isolated and weak when not stressed within a phrase (Brett, 2007; Roach, 2004:2). Weak forms are recognized by an alteration in vowel quality from a border position on the vowel quadrilateral to a central position. The common vowel in a weak form is the schwa // and they are pronounced at a faster rate and a lower volume than stressed syllables and they are not central to changes in intonation. Weak forms can be seen in words which are necessary to construct a phrase but they do not deliver much information for they are not content words (Brett, 2007; Roach, 2004:4). An example is the sentence: I went to the hotel and booked a room for two nights for my father and his best friend (/a went t h tel n bkt ru:m f tu: nats f ma f:r n hz best frend/). In the sentence, the words that are central to the message are emphasized: went, hotel, booked room, two nights, father, and best friend. If the weak forms or the words that are not emphasized are eliminated from the sentence, the set of phrases may be a little difficult to interpret but they can still

Refugees, Children in detention and rights

Refugees, Children in detention and rights Refugees, Children in detention Backdrop Half of the worlds refugees are children but their voices are amongst the least heard. Amidst the debate and conflict around refugees and border protection, the rights of refugee children have been neglected. The vulnerable condition of refugee children is evident from the statement of Ibrahim Ishreti, a refugee child living on bridging visa, he says: before coming to Australia we heard that everyones human rights and freedoms are respected here but nobody would believe what is happening to us†¦ We dont have any human rights and are treating like animals. Like other human beings our lives are not normal and our feelings and thinking are dead. We are depressed and can not smile[1]. Australia is signatory of significant number of human rights treaties including the1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol and own affluent custom of providing shelter to refugees, however the current policy of mandatory detention for on-shore arrival including children (whether accompanied or unaccompanied) has acutely damaged its international reputation. The mandatory detention might be justifiable policy concerns but it advanced wide community pro and contra debate and discussion in the country. The writer is a Pakistani origin immigrant in Australia. Pakistan considers a poorest country of the world host over a million Afghan refugees enjoying ample freedoms, however in Australia where the number of unauthorized arrivals has never been much more than 4000 in any one year are placed indefinitely in detention camps with limited access to services, hence the motive for selecting this topic. Key Aspects of the Policy The inherent intentions for implementing the mandatory detention policy are to have an â€Å"ordered† approach to immigration and to make certain that the countrys boundaries are secure. But little or no consideration has been given to the impact of these polices on the children who are caught up in them. That policy ââ€"  Denies internationally recognised fundamental human rights to all children of particular social group; ââ€"  Children without committing any crime are put behind razor wire and are locks up. ââ€"  And fails to recognises the vulnerability and special needs of these children. United Nations being representative body of the international community has undertaken the responsibility for the promotion and protection of human rights of all human beings including children. Therefore the UN has adopted separate legislation i.e. â€Å"UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)† in 1989 for the protection of child rights to which Australia became party in 1990. The UNCRC is an exhaustive code of guidance and management for policy development and practices relating to children. This specific child rights legislation emphasizes that a child seeking refugee status is entitle for appropriate protection and humanitarian assistance. The various human rights treaties grant universal rights to refugee children like all other people and additional rights as children and particular rights as refugee. Therefore refugee children are entitled for special treatment and care and not to be treated discriminately. Nevertheless many Australian might support or oppose the governments policy of dealing asylum seekers but the indisputable reality is that subjecting children to any form of detention is a breach of their guaranteed rights. Imprisoning these children in the context of UNCRC is either â€Å"cruel and inhuman treatment† or in soft words is â€Å"harsh treatment†, which are undesirable under the convention. The concerns due to which these children fled from their countries, detention adds in their sorrows and concerns. Therefore if we cant recompense their grievances and concerns then we dont have the right to add into it. The UNCRC articulates[2] that â€Å"holding children in detention shall be used as a measure of last resort and only for the shortest possible time†. But the Australian practice seems to be the denial of this vested right since here refugee children are detained at the outset of their unauthorized arrival. Without going into the facts finding of their flight for a known country putting these children in detention is like closing eyes from their dilapidated conditions they suffered from in their home countries. Being national of this country our happiest lives can never comprehend the worse situations they passed from and pushing into confinement compel them to spend formative years of their lives in detention, which will obviously damage their future personality traits[3]. Keeping children in mandatory detention is denial of their internationally recognised basic human rights. Oftenly it has been experienced that during relief activities the children needs are not properly taking care of which are of vital importance for their normal development and growth. Every child has certain age-specific requirements that must be satisfied, for instance basic health care, nutrition and education are necessary for physical and mental development. Healthy psychosocial development depends in large measure on the nurturing and stimulation that children receive as they grow, and on the opportunities that they have to learn and master new skills. The healthy psychosocial development in refugee children should involve counseling and skills for coping effectively the multiple trauma of loss, uprooting and often more damaging experiences. Hence where the childrens developmental needs are not sufficiently met it results in long-term tragic consequences. Challenges and/or Controversies The Australia international obligations relating to refugees and children are not adequately publicised amongst public at large therefore everyone has their own perception about refugees. Majority believe that refugees are lairs, criminals, ‘forum shoppers, welfare cheats and queue jumpers[4]. It is interesting to note neither international law recognizes the terminology of ‘queue jumper nor other civilized nations use this terminology. The obvious reason for using this terminology could be that Australia is not willing to grant refugee status every individual opted for such status instead it has the intention to allow a carefully selected populace of pre-chosen countries to live as refugees in the country. A significant number of Australians also consider refugees a threat to economy and social services sector of the country. The arrival of children seeking refuge in Australia is comparatively less than the other developed countries, however still children remain a significant percentage of the total number of arrivals. Sometimes children flee alongwith their parents and/or guardians and sometimes alone (usually known as unaccompanied minors). The flight from homeland to the country of refuge subjects all including children to the notions of a new authority though a child neither has any motive nor has any voice in the decision of flight. Article 3 of the UNCRC gives overriding effect to the principle of ‘Best Interests of the child in these wording; â€Å"In all actions concerning children, weather undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interest of the child shall be a primary consideration†. The principle of ‘Best Interests of the child has been enunciated in different Australian laws however the law relating to onshore management of asylum seekers does not contain this principle. The Migration Amendment Act of 1992 identifies asylum seekers as designated persons.[5] Section 189 states that â€Å"a designated person must be detained during the processing of their refugee status†. Section 192 goes further giving two options for release obtaining a Temporary Protection Visa or being deported.[6] This section spells for mandatory detention of everyone including children till the decision of his/her status.[7] Here at this junction the lacking of distinction between immigration status of adults and children confuse the internationally accepted principle of ‘Best Interests of the child and same standard treatment is in contravention of the UNCRC. The policy of mandatory detention can not be justified on the plea that since childrens needs cannot be met in isolation, therefore they are kept with their caregiver in detention. As it is believed that children needs are normally meet most effectively within the context of family and community. It is therefore, necessary to strengthen the capacities of refugee families to meet their own needs and improve the participation and situation of adult refugees particularly women, in their child related activities and in this way they will contribute significantly to the welfare of their children. Selection of one challenge and its reflection on policy based solution Best Interest In relation to the refugee children whether accompanied or unaccompanied the primary goals of any action or program must be: To ensure the protection and healthy development of these children To achieve durable solutions appropriate to the immediate and long term developmental needs of these children. In absence of any uniform definition of ‘best interests for every child, a good indicator to judge whether a child best interests are being achieved, would be a childs aptitude that how much s/he enjoys his or her rights in a available environment.[8] Since the UNCRC also doesnt clearly define childs ‘best interest therefore in all actions and decisions affecting a child; â€Å"it is the best interests of that individual child which must be taken into account rather than children generally. The childs best interests†¦..must be the subject of active consideration†[9]. It necessitates to be established that childrens interests are of primary concerns and have adequately been conferred. The principle of ‘best interests reiterated in article 9(1) of the UNCRC states that children should never be separated from their parents against their will except when ‘necessary for the best interests of the child. The interaction between the ‘best interests principle, family unity and immigration can be enlightened by referring preamble of the UNCRC providing a reference point by recognizing that: â€Å"[T]he child, for the full and harmonious development of his of her personality, should grow up in a family environment, in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding†. In order to support the best interests of the refugee children many of the obligations under the UNCRC are relevant for instance, protection from violence, the highest attainable standards of physical and mental health, special care for children with disabilities, education, keeping confidentiality of their personal information, non-discrimination, recreation and the right to full cultural life (including language) are all factors that create a nurturing environment. Incorporating Children voices into policy debate UNCRC believes ‘voiced code for childrens participation in the programs affecting them. This legal instrument marks a change by respecting them as human being capable of full understandings and has power to decision and disregarded that they are being objects of adult intervention. The childrens right to participate in fellow societies has been accepted in articles 12-15 of the UNCRC. This convention has offered in addition to civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights, the right to freedom of opinion expression, information, religion and conscience; and the right to form associations[10]. Refugees children being most vulnerable members of Australian society, they should have the right to have their fundamental needs for shelter, food, physical and emotional care and education have been met, and to live freely and securely within our society. Our society should value and protect them. We are equally responsible alongwith the government to ensure these needs are met if a childs family/caregiver cannot or will not protect their rights. But due to their protracted legal status refugee children have concerns. They are not part of policy decision impacting their lives, hence condemned unheard and ignored. Purportedly three agencies the federal government, the private reformative firms and the state government are in charge of the management of detention centres. There is strong likelihood that these agencies would not consider childrens interests before their own. When the managers of such agencies are in chase of jurisdictional and policy issues where would children placed?[11] This management attitude proves the genuine worries, distress and concern of refugee children regarding their unresolved legal situation and their inability to move towards integration into the Australian community. Many children describe themselves as happy, good, but detailed their depression and distress that accompanied being in a limbo situation. The non-resolution of their migration or refugee situation is their paramount concern. The current manifestations of distress, while particularly concerning are equalled by the knowledge of the long term impact of ‘not belonging; to a community; to a state and to a nation. If a child cannot access normal citizenship, then their ability to grow emotionally and integrate themselves into their new country is diminished. These children have the possibility of becoming adults with a sense of frustration and anger that will impact on their lives and will impact on our lives in the Australian community in the forthcoming years. [NOTE: the writer considers the points of this paragraph as specifics impacting her local area of residence surrounded by refugee children] Conclusion If we step into the shoes of refugees and realize their sorrows and grieves then we will never deny the rights of refugee children to live with their families and reunite them when separated, having access to all basic necessities of life. If everyone of us recognize and struggle to make available all such rights to our children then why deny it for Iraqi, Afghan and Iranian children? We should provide them such harmonize environment where they can play, grow and learn. â€Å"We should keep ready ourselves to answer our children when they will look back on this time and ask what we did for refugee kids, at least we can say we gave them their childhood†[12].

Tithonus and the Eternal Consequences of Decisions :: Tithonus

Tithonus and the Eternal Consequences of Decisions "Tithonus" was written by Alfred, Lord Tennyson.   The poem's setting is the ancient story of Tithonus.   Tithonus fell in love with Eos, goddess of the dawn, and asked her for immortality.   Unfortunately for Tithonus he did not ask for eternal youth, only eternal life.   He, therefore, grows old but never dies while Eos not only never dies but also never grows old.   What makes Tithonus's situation worse is that "the gods themselves cannot recall their gifts" (49).   This dramatic monologue is characteristic of Tennyson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tithonus is an excellent example of a dramatic monologue.   There is a speaker, Tithonus, who is not the poet.   There is an audience-the gods.   Another characteristic of a dramatic monologue found in Tithonus is an exchange between the speaker and the audience:   "I asked thee, 'Give me immortality?'" (15).   A character study is when the speaker speaks from an extraordinary perspective:   Tithonus is looking back on his decision, a decision which the reader will never be able to make but can only dream of making.   His portrayal of his decision causes the common response to be rejected:   most people would want eternal life, but Tithonus proves this short-sighted.   Tithonus proves the wish for immortality vain by stating that: Why should a man desire in any way To vary from the kindly race of men, Or pass beyond the goal of ordinance Where all should pause, as is most meet for all?   (29-31).      Another trait of the dramatic monologue is the dramatic, or critical, moment.   In Tithonus this moment is when Tithonus decides that he does not want immortality: "take back thy gift" (27).   "Tithonus" has all of the basic traits of a dramatic monologue: a speaker who is not the poet, an identifiable audience, an exchange between the two, a critical moment, and a character study of the speaker.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One other trait of a dramatic monologue is a dramatic tension.   This tension is between harsh judgment and sympathy.   This tension makes the audience see objectively rather than subjectively.   The audience has sympathy for Tithonus, because he suffers:   "strong hours indignant worked their wills, and beat me down and marred and wasted me" (50)   His telling the story also bring sympathy from the audience.   The audience must judge Tithonus negatively, because he has made an error.   His error was his will "to vary from the kindly race of men" (29).

Advertisers Do Have a Responsibility to Society Essay

We are live in a society surrounded by a variety of advertisements. The amount spent alone in advertisement by the top 10 companies in the U.S. cost up to billions of dollars per year. Advertisements can be both beneficial and harmful to viewers. Consumers collect information about a certain product or service through advertisement so advertisers have a responsibility to deliver truthful information to the public. However, advertisers frequently disregard these important responsibilities. They rather focus on creating false advertisements to deceive their target audience by using a variety of advertising techniques. Because advertiser wants to sell more amount than competitor, advertiser creates false, deceptive, exaggerative, excess advertisement. These kinds of advertisement cause consumers to spend more. Moreover, it lacks the consumers’ ability to judge the products. See more:Â  Perseverance essay For example, Dannon’s popular Activia brand yogurt lured consumers into paying more for its purported nutritional benefits. When it was actually pretty much the same as every other kind of yogurt (ABC News). Another example is for Taco Bell’s seasoned beef. When consumers raised questions about what was actually seasoning Taco Bell’s seasoned beef, the company didn’t know how to respond. It was simply using oat filler. Which means the meat isn’t seasoned beef at all, according to USDA standards. The franchise had been tricking its consumers into thinking its products were of a higher grade than they actually were (Ad Age). In conclusion, whether company or person, who are not aware of information, will fall behind. Even though there is good side of advertise, such as fast deliver information, wider choices, and instruct way of spending. However, on other hands, advertiser creates stereotypes, selling bad food towards children, using sex, etc. by using many adverting techniques. I believe these kind of advertise causes so much bad influence on our society.

Kurds - A People Without A State Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Kurds - A People Without A State Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Kurds - A People Without a State Introduction Of all the ethnic groups in the world, the Kurds are one of the largest that has no state to call their own. According to historian William Westermann, "The Kurds can present a better claim to race purity...than any people which now inhabits Europe." (Bonner, p. 63, 1992) Over the past hundred years, the desire for an independent Kurdish state has created conflicts mainly with the Turkish and Iraqi populations in the areas where most of the Kurds live. This conflict has important geographical implications as well. The history of the Kurdish nation, the causes for these conflicts, and an analysis of the situation will be discussed in this paper. History of the Kurds The Kurds are a Sunni Muslim people living primarily in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. The 25 million Kurds have a distinct culture that is not at all like their Turkish, Persian, and Arabic neighbors (Hitchens, p. 36, 1992). It is this cultural difference between the groups that automatically creates the potential for conflict. Of the 25 million Kurds, approximately 10 million live in Turkey, four million in Iraq, five million in Iran, and a million in Syria, with the rest scattered throughout the rest of the world (Bonner, p. 46, 1992). The Kurds also have had a long history of conflict with these other ethnic groups in the Middle East, which we will now look at. The history of Kurds in the area actually began during ancient times. However, the desire for a Kurdish homeland did not begin until the early 1900?s, around the time of World War I. In his Fourteen Points, President Woodrow Wilson promised the Kurds a sovereign state (Hitchens, p. 54, 1992). The formation of a Kurdish state was supposed to have been accomplished through the Treaty of Sevres in 1920 which said that the Kurds could have an independent state if they wanted one (Bonner, p. 46, 1992). With the formation of Turkey in 1923, Kemal Ataturk, the new Turkish President, threw out the treaty and denied the Kurds their own state. This was the beginning of the Turkish-Kurdish conflict. At about this same time, the Kurds attempted to establish a semi-independent state, and actually succeeded in forming the Kingdom of Kurdiez, which lasted from 1922-1924; later, in 1946, some of the Kurds established the Mahabad Republic, which lasted for only one year (Prince, p. 17, 1993). In 1924, Turkey even passed a law banning the use of the Kurdish language in public places. Another group of people to consider is the Kurds living in Iraq. Major conflict between the Kurds and Iraqis did not really begin until 1961, when a war broke out that lasted until 1970. Around this time, Saddam Hussein came to power in Iraq. In 1975, Hussein adopted a policy of eradicating the Kurds from his country. Over the next fifteen years, the Iraqi army bombed Kurdish villages, and poisoned the Kurds with cyanide and mustard gas (Hitchens, p. 46, 1992). It is estimated that during the 1980?s, Iraqis destroyed some 5000 Kurdish villages (Prince, p. 22, 1993). From this point, we move into the recent history and current state of these conflicts between the Kurds and the Turks, and the Kurds against the Iraqis. Causes for Conflict The reasons for these conflicts have great relevance to geography. The areas of geography relating to these specific conflicts are a historical claim to territory on the part of the Kurds, cultural geography, economic geography, and political geography. These four areas of geography can best explain the reasons for these Kurdish conflicts. First, the Kurds have a valid historical claim to territory. They have lived in the area for over 2000 years. For this reason, they desire the establishment of a Kurdish homeland. Iraqis and Turks, while living in the area for a long period of time, cannot make a historical claim to that same area. The conflict arises, however, because the area happens to lie within the borders of Iraq and Turkey. Even though the Kurds claim is valid, the Turks and Iraqis have chosen to ignore it and have tried to wipe out the Kurds. Second, and probably most important, is that this conflict involves cultural geography. The Kurds are ethnically and culturally

My sister Saved my life Professor Ramos Blog

My sister Saved my life Do you ever feel like the cost of living ever out weighs your monthly income or even no matter how much you work your bills keep getting bigger? At one point in my life I felt that way. I was living paycheck to paycheck with no extra money to save. I come from a family of six, me being the second youngest growing up my parents did not have a lot of money. My dad raised us by himself and most of the time he was living paycheck to paycheck. Of course, we always had what we needed but that’s it nothing extra. I remember that he was barely able to make ends meet and could not really save money. So, it was hard for him if something was to happen to his truck. He would have to borrow money or just not have a truck due to him not having extra money to fix it. My mom was not really in the picture. So, I really didn’t have anyone at the time to teach me the importance of saving money. Since I was a little girl I always looked up to my sister as if she was my second mom. By the time my sister was twenty-four she was the one raising me, working at the movie theaters making minimum wage and going to college to be a teacher. I was sixteen, in high school and had just got my first job at Bakers Drive Thru. I went to school Monday thru Friday from 7:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. and then would go to work from 4 p.m. to 10 p.m. five to six days a week. On the weekends I would work from 12 p.m. to 10 p.m. I felt like I was always working and going to school but never had money. After working there for six months I thought to myself I’m going to be just like my dad living paycheck to paycheck and barely making ends meet. I was never going to be successful like my sister. But then there was this one summer day I was with my sister and we went to the bank to pull out money. She had happened to get a receipt and I happened to look at it and noticed how much was in her savings. I was shocked! So, I asked â€Å"how did you learn to save your money?† She learned from her boyfriend that works, goes to school and is barely making minimum wage. She states, â€Å"I pay my bills, go grocery shopping, put gas in my car, and then pull out forty dollars cash.† The forty dollars was for her to buy a shirt, go out to eat with friends, or do whatever she wanted to do with that money. She just knew that the forty dollars is all she had for the rest of the week. Anything left after that she must save. At the time I did not have a lot of bills. I just payed for my phone bill. So, I would just go blow my money on anything and everything. It was hard for me to grasp the concept on how to save money. My sister had started to notice since I would ask to borrow money from her a lot. So, she offered to help by managing my money. She would help by getting what I needed and would only give me forty dollars a week. At the beginning I hated it. At the age of sixteen and a teenager who wouldn’t want their money to have and control it. It took me a year to finally realize she is doing it to set me up for success. After a year, I saved enough money to purchase my first car. I was so excited that I was finally able to purchase my first car. I purchased a grey 2015 Sport Toyota Corolla. Without the help of my sister I wouldn’t be able to purchase a car. I currently work for a retirement home called Plymouth Village. Making a little over minimum wage. I have realized the more money I make the more bills get thrown my way. I now have rent, phone bill, utility’s, and a car payment to make. So, it can be hard to save at times with all the bills. But I have now managed my own money for over two years. Sometimes it is hard because I still want to spend more than the forty dollars I have a week, but I know I can’t due to the fact I need money in my savings for emergencies, such as if my car breaks down, if I happen to get sick and not be able to work. Also, in case if my daughter needs anything, you just never know what life will throw your way, so I try my best to save. It is best to learn to save as soon as you can, so you can be successful in life. If something was to happen to my car or my daughter I would have no money if I didn’t learn how to save. My sister saved my life and I can’t thank her enough for teaching me how to manage my money, without her help I would still be spending my money and living paycheck to paycheck. picture source:  https://www.google.com/search?q=money+locked+with+chainsource=lnmstbm=ischsa=Xved=0ahUKEwj3oYzx1bTdAhULw1QKHTBGDQoQ_AUICigBbiw=1280bih=584#imgrc=RPVUL4kzlY4NZM:

Can Literature Tell the Truth better than other arts or Essay

Can Literature Tell the Truth better than other arts or - Essay Example Modern technology is so increasingly dominating the world minds that the taste for art and literature has taken a back seat in our interests. Literary compositions--- poetry, drama, prose, novel, and story are a very old form of art and have always been very close to human heart. The immortal compositions of great masters continue to entertain the human hearts of all generations. The present day masters in the field are in no way inferior but given the other faculties of entertainment that modern technology is offering this art is attracting lesser interest. Now the question---- can literature tell the truth ---- has two aspects of thought, what it tells and how No literary depictions are factual events, but they always reflect some objective observations of the artist. They are the feedbacks of truth if not the actual truth. There are lots of literary works based on true historical events but they do not depict the historical events in the truthful perspective. The artist here by his artistic talents produces a piece of art though related to the historical facts. The purpose of the artist here also is not to depict an historical event but to create a piece of art. A literary artist is not a historian whose duty is to find out the real truths and present them before the reader and preserve them for use by all future generations. The truth of a historian is determined by how he has toiled to find out the truth and how honestly he has put it in his work. The literary artist has no such obligation to fulfill. He writes for the pleasure of the reader by fabricating events through the rich flights of his imagination just like a painter who paints a painting the details of which touch the cords of human heart so deeply that it becomes a joy forever. A present day poet or novelist or a playwright is a professional too. He has to keep pace with the other professionals in maintaining himself financially. He writes according to the tastes of his readers that would fetch him enough money besides name that he wants for himself. He is not much interested in the service of the literature as the old masters in the field used to be. He is not expected to write about true stories or events but at the same time his work cannot be away from the hard realities of life. They should reflect them truly otherwise public cannot appreciate them and he can be thrown out of the public gaze. The modern literature thus really tells the truth by reflecting the facts of life. Literature, in fact, has the capacity to tell truths better than other arts as different forms of literature have a much larger field. Take the case of poetry in almost all the languages of the world, both the widely used and little used, it is the oldest form of literature that continues to entertain people at all levels since time immemorial. Poetry has always been closest to the human heart in all ages for it's reflecting the truest and hardest realities of life. It continues to do so and cannot be equaled or superseded by any other form of art whatsoever. Though no serious poetry depicts in its

Food Law and Regulation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Food Law and Regulation - Term Paper Example According to Chinese scientists, consumption of bread that contains estrogen-like can lead to enlargement of breasts in male. Such enlargement of breasts would develop if the male consumed large amount of estrogen. It was concluded that male with large breasts must have consumed bread containing synthetic estrogen. Furthermore, traditional breads that contain dong quai are believed to constitute estrogen-like components. Specialists argue that people should consume traditional breads under strict supervision of a qualified herbalist to avoid any complications. In addition, they demanded that any bread that contains estrogen-like components should be indicated. Only those who want the component should purchase it. To maintain safe milk in Canada, any milk meant for human consumption must be subjected to various regulatory acts which are imposed by Canadian Food Inspection Agency, the Canadian  Agriculture Products Act and Dairy Product Regulations. These organizations ensure that any milk meant for the human consumption is graded and packed in healthy containers to avoid any contamination. In addition, they collaborate with companies that produce livestock food to ensure they do not include large or harmful amount of estrogen. Lastly, before any dairy product is allowed to the market, it must be tested to ensure it does not contain any harmful estrogen-like components (Science.gov, 2013). Nutritionists in Canada and USA argued advised people to consume organically produced food most of the time. They also claimed that utilization of cruciferous vegetables like cabbage, cauliflower and kale are helpful as they contain substances that aid in elimination of harmful estrogens. Those who love fish and meat were encouraged to consume wild fish and hormone-free meat to avoid absorbing harmful estrogen in their body system. Farmers are encouraged to avoid using pesticides to control weeds. Instead, they were

USPS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

USPS - Essay Example Thus, the functional system if affected in the long run. II. Information system: which are supposed to ensure that information flows throughout the organization? However, the large number of union members makes it difficult for the organization to pass information to its members. This makes it difficult for the organizational members to make any meaningful decisions. This generally affects the team-building aspect of the organization and the financial situation of the organization only worsens the situation (Hicks, 2014). III. Divisional system ensures that an organization is able to enable its employees or members to have the required specialization and division of labor for the well-being of the organization. The employees reports to a general manager who then reports to a senior executive officer. However, the current absence of leadership makes the situation difficult. If the leaders were present in the organization, they could come up with creative strategies to motivate the workers thus enabling the required teamwork in the organization (Kille, 2013). Hicks, J. (2014, May 9). Postal Service lost $1.9 billion in second quarter, despite uptick for first-class mail. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/federal- eye/wp/2014/05/09/postal-service-lost-1-9-billion-in-second-quarter/ Kille, L. W. (2013, July 8). The U.S. Postal Service and financial sustainability: Research roundup. Retrieved from http://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/budget/us- postal-service-financial-sustainability-research-roundup# Wieczner, J. (2012, August 27). Postal Service Financial Problems: 10 Things They Dont Want You to Know. Retrieved from

The True Monster Essay Example for Free

The True Monster Essay In Mary Shelleys gothic novel, Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein creates and animates a monster from various corpses. Victors experiment works, yet when the creature he creates comes to life, he is hideous. He immediately flees from Frankensteins laboratory and kills Frankensteins brother. Later, feeling ultimate loneliness, the creature begs Frankenstein to build a companion for him, but he refuses to complete the task. In revenge, the creature murders Frankensteins wife and best friend (Hawkins). Frankenstein is a story that focuses on the outcome of Victors endeavor to interfere with nature. In the novel, Victors creation is not born evil; rather it is the result of poor parenting that he becomes evil and vengeful. Throughout the novel, Shelley creates a definite perception of the creature and his creator by using various writing techniques. Shelley makes readers sympathetic towards the creature by offering hints in her work as to the creatures true sentiments. She also uses writing techniques to create the perception that the true monster is Victor, not the creature that he created. Shelley offers insight into a series of characters qualities and actions and this offers readers a greater view into their knowledge and their personalities. By using these effective writing techniques, Mary Shelley is able to create the perception that the real monster is Victor and not the monster himself. Shelleys use of the technique of having three different narrators offers readers a greater perception into the experiences and the personality of Walton, Frankenstein, and the creature. This switch allows readers to have greater insight into the inner experiences of the characters, which leads to further development in the attitudes in which the readers begin to grasp from each character. Shelley includes the story of Victor, the creator, and the story of the creature, the created, to emphasize the contrast between their personalities and their different experiences. The contrast offers readers two entirely different views, and thus two entirely different responses towards each character. One example of this can be found in the story of the creature. The story incorporates the innocence and benevolence in the creatures personality along with the tormenting hardships that the creature was forced to experience. Even the creatures creator detests him, and upon meeting him in the summit of Mont Blanc, Victor roared Abhorred monster! Fiend that thou art (Shelley 81)! The revulsion that is present  toward that creature causes the reader to sympathize with the creature rather than to detest him. Shelley also includes the perspective of Victor, which gives readers insight on Victors arrogant, haughty, and appearance-based personality. Again, this causes readers to sympathize with the creature, which has fallen victim to Victors thoughtless actions. The beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room and continued a long time traversing my bedchamber, unable to compose my mind to sleep (Shelley 42), Victor said. This example causes the reader to question Victors capability of thinking and the thought that he actually put in before making the creature, and thus the reader begins to question whether the creature is the monster, or whether it is actually Victor who is the thoughtless, ignorant monster. Readers are made to think that the creature is the more civilized creature of the two, and that the character of Victor is far more monstrous and dangerous than that of the creatures. By using the structure of three narrators, Shelley ultimately shapes the readers responses towards Victor and the creature. Shelley uses the writing technique of imagery and symbolism to shape the reaction of readers and the ideas surrounding them. The use of imagery portrays ideas visually, which is ultimately more effective in causing the reader to respond in a certain way (Imagery). For example, Shelley portrays the depressing and miserable world in which the creature is born into as full of hypocrisy, oppression, and prejudice. The creature experiences neglect and is left to fend off for himself. When he tries to acquaint himself to the DeLaceys, a family that the creature has been watching and learning from in the forest for a long time, and fails and is beaten, he is left with a sense of ultimate loneliness. My heart sank within me as with bitter sicknessI saw [Felix] on the point of repeating his blow, when, overcome by pain and anguish, I quitted the cottage, and in the general tumult escaped unperceived to my hovel (Shelley 115). This powerful imagery causes readers to visualize and place themselves in the situation of the creature, thus feeling his pain and suffering as he was continually beaten  by Felix for the cause of only trying to make an introduction and make some friends. In turn, this causes readers to deeply sympathize with the creature and understand the neglect and suffering that he is facing. This situation also causes readers to think about the prejudice he faced just because of his ugly appearance. It makes readers consider who the monster really is, whether it is the creature with the unsightly appearance, or the mad, heartless man who created him. Shelley cleverly uses the writing techniques of imagery and symbolism to shape the responses of readers towards the idea that the real monster is Victor, not the creature. Shelleys use of tone and word choice in Frankenstein is also very efficient in influencing the way readers thought about Victor and the creature. Shelleys tone always consists of emotion and figurative language. Along with powerful and expressive word choice, which emphasizes and dramatizes Shelleys ideas, her tone and word choice also helps to arouse the readers emotions in a particular way. For example, when the creature narrates, the tone is very depressing and unhappy and dramatizes the experiences that he had and the feelings that he felt. Shelley used words such as pain, miserable, desolate, and oppressed to describe the experiences of the creature, which dramatizes the suffering and torment that the creature faces and arouses the emotions of the readers to sympathize with the creature. Shelleys tone and word choice for Victor is also very influential in revealing his character. Shelleys word choice dramatizes the personality of Victor and highlights the selfish, appearance-based attitude which he is shown to have. When Victor first sees the creature, his own creation, and examines it, his tone is of shock and disgust rather than of admiration or love, and the first thing he mentions is how ugly the creature is. I beheld the wretch—the miserable monster whom I had created (Shelley 43). Readers respond negatively towards Victor even from the beginning, ironically viewing him as more dangerous and treacherous than the monster himself. Shelley uses powerful words that force the reader to respond a certain way. She uses tone to arouse the readers emotions and to make her readers understand the relation between Victor and the creature and who the real monster is. Mary Shelley is able to create the perception that the real monster was Victor and not the monster himself. Readers continually sympathize with the creature and realize that Victor is actually more of a monster than the creature is. Readers realize that society never gave the creature a chance. Although the creature was born innocent, the corruption and prejudice of society spoiled the creature. Mary Shelley uses writing techniques, such as the implementation of characterization, imagery, symbolism, tone, and word choice to successfully depict ideas, create visual images, and arouse emotions, to create the perception that Victor was the real monster in Frankenstein.â€Æ'Works CitedImagery. HMS. Harris Middle School. 30 Sep 2008. Hawkins, Kathy. What is Frankenstein?. Conjecture 2003. 24 Sep 2008. . Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: New American Library, 2000.

Druids Essay -- essays research papers fc

DRUIDS Who were the Druids? The stereotypical image of a Druid is one of a thoughtful philosopher and magician, schooled in the lore of the traditions, and in charge of the education of the chieftains as well as those who sought to obtain knowledge considered obscure by the rest of society. They were knowers of truth, able to manipulate that truth as well as inform others of it. Druids not only influenced society religiously, they also influenced it socially i.e. they took on the parts of teachers, judges, magicians, craftsmen, advisors, priests, and masters of ceremonies, and in doing so, were greatly respected in society. The Role of Druids Teachers Caesar remarked that Druidism originated in Britain and that students would travel there for instruction, information and advice on astronomy, the ‘essential nature of things’, and the power and authority of the Gods- both local and pan-Celtic deities. Their religion forbade them to write down what was being taught, as stated by Athelia Nihtscada: Druids of the past sought to preserve knowledge through passing their traditions to their students. Unfortunately, they did not feel it prudent to write any of this knowledge down lest the knowledge fall into the wrong hands or lose power, leaving us having to piece together what little we do know from other writers through the ages. Because Nihtscada is a woman born with Celtic roots, and was initiated into the Druidic tradition herself, this modern source is quite reliable. She is also a public speaker with a deep interest in her Celtic heritage. Her aim therefore, was to provide readers with accurate information about the Celts, much of which corresponds with information provided by the Romans. Instead of writing, information was communicated and learnt through verse. In fact, there were so many verses that the druids spent about 20 years studying them, learning about oral literature of sacred songs, prayers, incantations, divination and magic. Despite this however, not one verse has survived, nor are there any pure Druidic legends as all of them have been subjected to Christian or Roman interpretation. Master of Ceremonies Druids, as masters of ceremonies, are renowned for administering animal, and sometimes even human sacrifices, as told by the Romans. Pliny the Elder describes one Druidic ceremony in his Naturalis Historia (XVI, 95): "Anything growing... ...ltic lifestyle. Bibliography - The Early History of Rome (Books I-V), Titus Livy, Penguin Library of History (Books XVI.66-XVII), Diodorus Siculus, Loeb Classical Library - The Gallic War, Julius Caesar, Loeb Classical Library - Natural History, Pliny the Elder, Oxford University Press - The Tain Translated from the Irish Epic Tain Bo Cuailnge, Oxford Paperbacks à ³ Tuathail, Seà ¡n. The Excellence of the Ancient Word. Available via internet at: ftp://bronze.coil.com/pub/nemeton/lore/eaw.cnl Geography, Strabo, Loeb Classical Library - http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/d/druidism.html - http://www.religioustolerance.org/druid.htm - http://witcombe.sbc.edu/earthmysteries/EMDruids.html - http://celt.net/Celtic/History/d_overview.html - http://www.britannia.com/wonder/michell2.html - "Story of Druids†, Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2001.  © 1993-2000 Microsoft Corporation.

Solve a Problem

Solve a Problem Paper Laura Cud university to Phoenix PHALLI Creative Minds and Critical Thinking Jansen Buckler August 07, 2013 The concept of creativity in processing a strategic plan was not implemented in a professional scenario of consolidating two warehouses together; a consolidation that creates a centralized operation to maintain transparency for customer satisfaction. The creative process has two broad applications to open the thought process of being creative: solving problems and resolving controversial Issues (Ruggeri, 2009).More to the point the terms problem and issue noticeably overlap; both terms refer o an unpleasant condition that challenges the resourcefulness to provide a satisfactory remedy to an explosive problem. Although the term Issue divides personnel against each other, both sides have created barriers against the opposing party. By evaluating the four stages of creativity will gain an understanding to have a productive project while maintain transparency t o the customer. The tour stages to creative process that should have applied to a consolidation project begin with (a) searching for challenges (Ruggeri, 2009).Frequently challenges are presented with issues that create an evidential dilemma. Problems that include longer than expected customer wait time due to multiple warehouses to execute a response of materiel issue to the customer. To meet this challenges In an original yet effective way management must (b) express the problem or issue to identify the problematic areas for consolidating the warehouses. Recognizing the problems within an issue will yield a plausible solution.Furthermore having to transport materiel issue documents between building causing double and sometime triple handling of materiel hard copy issue documents. Only after the (c) investigating to problem or issue will management discover the pertain Information necessary to deal effectively with customer dissatisfaction of having to wait long periods of time to receive materiel, especially under urgent conditions. The investigating stage allows the process to be mapped out to see where fresh Ideas can be Implemented and old processed might be evicted bring about a new and improved management of hard copy documents.These fresh concepts will be the source of (d) producing ideas that generates credible consideration to decide what action to take In order to mitigate the current customer wait times. Although there are two obstacles to overcome: the unwitting tendency to limit Ideas regarding familiar habits and creating barriers to the â€Å"unknown† to change (Ruggeri, 2009). The Ana in our project tell short in this stage, as a team on this consolidation project we taunt ourselves tempting to hold tight to the current processes. It seemed that the new processes were alien and the creativity within this project fell short.Because we fought the inevitable the turn-around time of the projects cradle to grave life line went from a two mon th expected closure to a six month lingering of barriers to change. Understanding the techniques used to break down the barriers of change and have a successful consolidation closed the fourth stage of creative processes. The techniques used in this consolidation challenge were trim-fold, stake holders that included the employees, management, and customers. Both employees and management was observant to the change that was occurring.Both parties were involved in his or her internal reveries causing them to miss the bulk of what was causing the change to occur. The customers were frustrated by observing the constraints in receiving materiel and watching the installation fall apart due to miss-communication between employee and management. Management was looking for the imperfection in the current processes and provided training to the employees before the change was executed. All three parties saw imperfections of their own and learned how to handle those changes when they searched f or their causes.Management had to be sensitive to the implications of this consolidation and recognize the controversy from the change. To properly investigate the currently problem, management must first identify the problems that need to be solved. Management had to search out the facts behind the change; they would use eye witness testimony from the customer (Ruggeri, 2009). This testimony will give the customer a chance to vent their frustrations. Expert opinions from other entities that have consolidated their processes to see were their problematic issues were and what worked smoothly.Conduct surveys with the employees who would experience the change in the processes and how that will affect daily production. Finally management shall review their own experiences to see where in the problem lays on their end. By taking in all these prospective will allow management to have a 360 degree view of the problem and possible solutions to resolve the constraints in the consolidation pr oject. Questions to be answered before the consolidation can be implemented: * What will the new management hierarchy look like? How will the new processes fall into the old processes of issuing materiel? * Will we still use hard copy documents? * How will the customers be affected by this change? * How will the customer overcome their current frustrations? To better understand the problem behind this consolidation project, the stakeholders were on the verge of experiencing a change that had a variable of unknowns. Yes, the consolidation would reduce the turn-around time for the customers to receive their materiel, and the use of hard copy documents prolonged the issues rates.There were several advantages for technology and computerized documents to expedite the materiel issues. Although the hierarchy would change moving employees into a centralized location, the employees would see a minimal impact because the management system was not going to change Just the location. The new pro cesses would fall into the old process nicely due to the computerized issue documents and the track-ability of the eateries will show a positive chain of custody with an exchange of hands.The Old nard copy documents cause constrains Witt the loss to paperwork and past issue to materiel. Currently there are no hard-copy documents they were resolved when the documents became electronic. The customers will experience a bottle neck effect during the consolidation but once the materiel is moved into the new building it will have a stronger turn-around time. The customer will overcome their frustration by keeping an open like of communication and give a advance notice of intent with urgent items that need to be expedited.At the conclusion of this project it was noticed that the Seems were customer constraints and the lost of materiel transparency during the move. And the Jewels were that communication between the stakeholders kept the material movement seamless, as well as the advances in technology. Ultimately this project was a success, although if we would have used the creative process within our implantation we would not have experience the various constraints. References Ruggeri, V. R. (2009). The art of thinking: A guide to critical and creative thought (9th deed. ). New York, NY: Pearson Longhand.

Promote learning and development in the early years Essay

1.1 Explain each of the areas of learning and development and how these are interdependent The EYFS sets the standards for children when they are aged 0-5. It sets out learning and development requirements, assessments and the safeguarding and welfare requirements. All schools, child minders, preschools and nurseries must follow the EYFS as it is a statutory document. There are two areas of learning that children will come across, these are prime and specific. Each of these areas are built up of different aspects which altogether make up the 17 early learning goals. The EYFS has characteristics that help practitioners understand how the children are learning and what they need to provide the children to progress. Characteristics help children become motivated and keep trying the things that they are not so good at. The prime area is split into three sections 1-communication and language 2-Physical development 3-Personal, social and emotional development The specific area is split into four different sections; 1- Literacy 2- Mathematics 3- Understanding the world 4- Expressive art and design. Prime areas are the ones that children are expected to learn first. If they are not taught correctly this could affect the specific areas. The prime areas are all interconnected. It is important to remember that each are of learning and development does not work in isolation but they are all in fact linked. Good activities will cover more than one area of development. For example; allowing children to access the outdoors will not only support their physical development, but encourage them to use their communication skills. In order to help  children achieve their full potential across the six areas of learning development of babies and young children must be encouraged through opportunities for them to be active and interactive and to improve their skills of coordination, control, manipulation and movement. They must be supported in using all of their senses to learn about the world around them and to make connections between new information and what they already know.

Genetic Engineering The Frontier essays

Genetic Engineering The Frontier essays Science is a still somewhat obscure creature that continues to evolve, radically changing the face of mankind perhaps faster than its creator. The magnificent world of science has witnessed many profound breakthroughs and advances in this past century, but none as noteworthy as genetic engineering. As a subset of the more general subject of biotechnology, genetic engineering is the process of altering genetic material by purposeful manipulation of DNA (Wallace 339). To some, this field illustrates malicious scientists playing God, while to others it is a treasure chest of knowledge that holds the key to solving problems such as world hunger, cancer, and AIDS. Scientists have already been able to turn microbes into millions of tiny factories producing drugs, alcohol, and chemicals, and astonishing forecasts are being made for genetic engineerings future contributions to health, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture (Sylvester 2). By engineering the plants and other organisms that are the s ource for medications, possible defects that may occur due to mutations and genetic diseases can be avoided completely. This could not only produce a more effective medicine, but save lives as well. However, risks still remain in using genetic engineering to solve the worlds problems. Questions arise concerning ethics, public safety, and misuse by the economically or politically powerful, but how can we as human beings know what is truly to come? Read Aldous Huxleys ,A Brave New World, or perhaps Asimovs, Foundation. Truthfully, there is no telling what the future holds, other than the ability to research and understand more about this incredible science of genetics. It is worth taking the risk to gain more knowledge and try to solve these problems that plague the world than shut it back up in Pandoras Box. As a student, I find biology, specifically genetics, extremely fa ...