Biopsychology Essay Essays - Nervous System, Perception,

Biopsychology Essay Juliet M. Kyeva University of Roehampton Introduction The human senses are continuously receiving information that needs to be attended to, processed and then perceived. Through attention and perception, we can make sense of the world around us. Each person has their capacity for attention and level of perception depending on their physiological makeup . The human visual system is an integral part of the central nervous system. The visual system enables us to process visual sensory receptors (stimuli) and to form a representation (visual perception) of the stimulus needed for decision making. Without visual perception, a person is said to be blind. Visual System Anatomy The Anatomy The eye is physically made up of the cornea, the lens , the pupil, the iris and the retina working together as a team for the proper functioning of the eye. The cornea is the protective outer layer of the eye which allows light to pass through. The lens' function is to focus light to the back of the retina. For the purpose of focusing, the lens chang es its shape producing clear images of what the eye sees. The retina is that part of the eye that is sensitive to light. It lines the back of the eye and posses se s photoreceptor cells to detect color and light. The retina receives the light signals from the lens and then projects images from the light signals through the optic nerve. The lens of eye lies between the pupil and the iris. In the unfortunate case of the retina detaching itself from where it lies, this could potentially lead to blindness . The eye's retina senses visual information . The retina has two primary visual receptor cells. The first receptor cell is the codes (for color vision and sharpness of vision) situated in the center of the retina. The second receptor cell is the rods (specialized for vision in dim light and movement detection) loc ated in the outer parts of the retina. Light signals pass through the cornea to the iris. The Iris has the pupil which regulates the amount of light passing through the eye. A lens focuses this light to the back of the eye. (Eysenck Keane 2010 pg 36 ). Physiology T he retina's c ells are sensitive to light. These cells trigger nerve signals impulses which then travel along the optic nerve through ganglion cells' axons to signal the brain. Visual stimuli use two different paths. Light received through the right hemifield is directed to the left retina sending signals to the left lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) while light received through the left hemifield is directed to the right retina sending message s to the right lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) . Each eye has an optic nerve, so both nerves meet at the optic chiasma. From here, the signals continue traveling along the right and left optical tracts inside the brain to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The final destination for these signals is the primary and secondary visual cortex where further visual processing takes place. The visual cortex occupies about twenty percent of the entire cortex. (Eysenck Keane 2010 pg 37). Different parts of the brain process different visual stimuli, for example, color, movement, facial recognition, depth, object recognition , etc. Brain damage affecting a particular region can cause visual disorders. For example, a patient diagnosed with prosopagnosia loses the ability to recognize faces , but they will still be able to identify objects. (Rensink, R.A. 2013) Function of vision Neurological studies and research have helped us to see how the eye is a vital physiological component in Information process. The retina and the prima ry visual cortex act as filters, choosing the most relevant stimuli that will be attended to, processed and later perceived. Output data passes through the retina to the next higher levels of Information processing of more complex stimuli such as human faces. ( Rensink, R.A. 2013) The nervous system and how it relates to B iopsychology Biopsychology is a branch of psychology where that studies the nervous system (the brain and neurotransmitters) as pertains to the mind and thoughts, feelings behavior. The nervous system coordinates out actions and transmits

Reasons behind bombing essays

Reasons behind bombing essays Reasons for use of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by America........... Reason 1: Four years prior to use of the atomic weapons, the Japanese had fought viciously, ferociously and bravely and all up, were more more than America had bargained for. This had cost more than three hundred thousand American lives. The aim of the US Government was to finish the war with minimum casualties, as weighed to other matters, the cost on human lives was great. It was estimated by advisors of President Truman in 1945, that within the next two years, if the war continued, that the death toll of Americans would be at least a million. The explanation of Truman, a day after the bomb was dropped stated "...we have used it in order to save thousands and thousands of young Americans...". The Japanese had a further four million troops complimented by four thousand eight hundred kamikaze aircraft and pilots. The kamikaze pilots had had a great affect on American military, the planes sunk fifteen US vessels and damaged a further two hundred. To invade Japan was going to put a h uge strain on American budget, different means to winning the war was needed, the bomb...was the answer. Reason 2: Another reason for wanting to end the war so quickly was because of the Soviet Union. It was a known fact that a prolonged war with Japan would eventually involve USSR. This also meant that after the war, parts of Eastern Asia would be occupied by the Soviets. This theory was proved when the war in Europe ended in May 1945, the USSR was found to be in control of most of Eastern Europe. This gave them the stepping stones to spread communism which was feared by the Western World. If the war wasnt brought to an abrupt halt, it looked as if there would be war with the Soviets. Reason 3: The cost of the war was having a damaging effect on the world's economy. An estimate brought the cost of the war (globally) to approximately one trillion dollars. Millions and mil ...

Community interpreting level 3 course assignment Essay

Community interpreting level 3 course assignment - Essay Example The linguistic model interpreter must be fluent while the community interpreter is not always fluent. A linguistic model is basically used in conferences and multilingual meetings. One of the reasons for declining any given assignments includes existence of a conflict in the interpreter’s schedule. The interpreter might not be available or may be committed to other activities. This may result to a conflict thus the interpreter is forced to compromise. Another logical reason for declining an assignment is the topic failing to be in the interpreter’s region of expertise. The interpreter may also lack enough material of preparation thus leading to the decline of the assignment. Furthermore, there might be a conflict of interest by the interpreter especially is they are related to the client and finally the interpreter may fail to agree with the conditions and terms of the assignment (Naom, 2006). Issues like payment, the working conditions and working hours are very prevalent. Before accepting any interpreting session the translator should have the details of the client such as their dialect so as to know what to prepare for the assignment. The translator should have the deadline for the work so as to know the speed to utilize. They also need to have details of a pre-interview so as to prepare themselves adequately. When preparing for an interpreting assignment the interpreter should call the client so as to make sure they are aware of the interpreting appointment (Kalina, 2005). The assignment should be within the field of expertise of the translator and there should be no conflict of interest. When preparing for the research the translator should research so as to familiarize themselves with the assignment. A pre-interview should be carried out so as to allow the client to give factual cultural information that will help the research. The impartiality trait of a translator may be compromised when faced with issues like trauma and sexual violence. The

Strategic grouping, competition, and consumer behavior Essay

Strategic grouping, competition, and consumer behavior - Essay Example The paper will analyze five sectors that are denoted as follows (with their corresponding NAICS codes): 44812 (women’s clothing), 448310 (jewelry stores), 45391 (pet stores and supplies), 722330 (mobile food services), and 72111 (hotels and motels). Furthermore, the discussion between these five industries will analyze class, category, forms, and brands that exist within each; helping the reader to gain a further level of interpretive understanding that relates to the way in which these entities compete and exist within the current environment. Through an analysis of these metrics, the author will be able to provide the reader with a more in-depth analysis of the way in which the following markets work and the levels of consumer choice, substitutability, and competition that exists within each one of these.   Though it might be understood that competition is guaranteed, the reality of the fact is that differing levels of competition create unique opportunities and help to de fine markets that would otherwise be incorrectly categorized.   The first industry that will be analyzed is that of the NAICs code of 44812, or women’s clothing – listed under the retail trade 44- NAICs category.   Naturally, the class and category of this particular industry are that of consumer goods relating to fashion.   Yet, extreme diversification exists with respect to the forms and brands of actual industries that compete within this sector.   For instance, Forever21 competes alongside the likes of Versace and Prada.

Phonology and the Teaching of Pronunciation Essay

Phonology and the Teaching of Pronunciation - Essay Example In English, most connected speech processes are unimportant when distinguishing between speakers of all accents (Roach, 2004:1). Native speakers have many tools for dealing with unclear words and sounds that are caused by connected speech for they are already familiar within that context. But native speakers also experience stumbling over their words because of their lack of awareness of the little tricks or the rules in avoiding the difficulties in speech. Studying connected speech is important because of two essential factors (Basquille, n.d.:4). First, native speakers of the English language do not pause between each sound or word, as already mentioned, but they move effortlessly from one sound or word to the next. Second, English is considered as a malleable language, meaning not all syllables within a word are equal. There are weak syllables that disappear or not heard at all and strong syllables that are stressed and lengthened. An example is the question: "How long have you been living here" where the "how" is hardly pronounced, "have you been" contracts, and "long" and "living" expand. Because English has been described as "stress-timed as opposed to a syllable-timed language", meaning stressed and unstressed syllables may extremely vary at irregular intervals of time, sentences are quite elastic (Basquille, n.d.:4). ... These refer to the different aspects of connected speech: 1) vowel weakening, 2) assimilation, 3) elision, 4) intrusion and linking. This paper aims to find out the rules that native speakers of English follow to string words together that brings confusion and problems to students who are learning English. Vowel weakening, assimilation, elision and intrusion and linking are the features of connected speech that are necessary for learning English, whether a native or a non-native speaker. Aspects of Connected Speech Vowel Weakening In the phonetics of English, weak forms refer to the group of words which have one pronunciation: strong when isolated and weak when not stressed within a phrase (Brett, 2007; Roach, 2004:2). Weak forms are recognized by an alteration in vowel quality from a border position on the vowel quadrilateral to a central position. The common vowel in a weak form is the schwa // and they are pronounced at a faster rate and a lower volume than stressed syllables and they are not central to changes in intonation. Weak forms can be seen in words which are necessary to construct a phrase but they do not deliver much information for they are not content words (Brett, 2007; Roach, 2004:4). An example is the sentence: I went to the hotel and booked a room for two nights for my father and his best friend (/a went t h tel n bkt ru:m f tu: nats f ma f:r n hz best frend/). In the sentence, the words that are central to the message are emphasized: went, hotel, booked room, two nights, father, and best friend. If the weak forms or the words that are not emphasized are eliminated from the sentence, the set of phrases may be a little difficult to interpret but they can still

Refugees, Children in detention and rights

Refugees, Children in detention and rights Refugees, Children in detention Backdrop Half of the worlds refugees are children but their voices are amongst the least heard. Amidst the debate and conflict around refugees and border protection, the rights of refugee children have been neglected. The vulnerable condition of refugee children is evident from the statement of Ibrahim Ishreti, a refugee child living on bridging visa, he says: before coming to Australia we heard that everyones human rights and freedoms are respected here but nobody would believe what is happening to us†¦ We dont have any human rights and are treating like animals. Like other human beings our lives are not normal and our feelings and thinking are dead. We are depressed and can not smile[1]. Australia is signatory of significant number of human rights treaties including the1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol and own affluent custom of providing shelter to refugees, however the current policy of mandatory detention for on-shore arrival including children (whether accompanied or unaccompanied) has acutely damaged its international reputation. The mandatory detention might be justifiable policy concerns but it advanced wide community pro and contra debate and discussion in the country. The writer is a Pakistani origin immigrant in Australia. Pakistan considers a poorest country of the world host over a million Afghan refugees enjoying ample freedoms, however in Australia where the number of unauthorized arrivals has never been much more than 4000 in any one year are placed indefinitely in detention camps with limited access to services, hence the motive for selecting this topic. Key Aspects of the Policy The inherent intentions for implementing the mandatory detention policy are to have an â€Å"ordered† approach to immigration and to make certain that the countrys boundaries are secure. But little or no consideration has been given to the impact of these polices on the children who are caught up in them. That policy ââ€"  Denies internationally recognised fundamental human rights to all children of particular social group; ââ€"  Children without committing any crime are put behind razor wire and are locks up. ââ€"  And fails to recognises the vulnerability and special needs of these children. United Nations being representative body of the international community has undertaken the responsibility for the promotion and protection of human rights of all human beings including children. Therefore the UN has adopted separate legislation i.e. â€Å"UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)† in 1989 for the protection of child rights to which Australia became party in 1990. The UNCRC is an exhaustive code of guidance and management for policy development and practices relating to children. This specific child rights legislation emphasizes that a child seeking refugee status is entitle for appropriate protection and humanitarian assistance. The various human rights treaties grant universal rights to refugee children like all other people and additional rights as children and particular rights as refugee. Therefore refugee children are entitled for special treatment and care and not to be treated discriminately. Nevertheless many Australian might support or oppose the governments policy of dealing asylum seekers but the indisputable reality is that subjecting children to any form of detention is a breach of their guaranteed rights. Imprisoning these children in the context of UNCRC is either â€Å"cruel and inhuman treatment† or in soft words is â€Å"harsh treatment†, which are undesirable under the convention. The concerns due to which these children fled from their countries, detention adds in their sorrows and concerns. Therefore if we cant recompense their grievances and concerns then we dont have the right to add into it. The UNCRC articulates[2] that â€Å"holding children in detention shall be used as a measure of last resort and only for the shortest possible time†. But the Australian practice seems to be the denial of this vested right since here refugee children are detained at the outset of their unauthorized arrival. Without going into the facts finding of their flight for a known country putting these children in detention is like closing eyes from their dilapidated conditions they suffered from in their home countries. Being national of this country our happiest lives can never comprehend the worse situations they passed from and pushing into confinement compel them to spend formative years of their lives in detention, which will obviously damage their future personality traits[3]. Keeping children in mandatory detention is denial of their internationally recognised basic human rights. Oftenly it has been experienced that during relief activities the children needs are not properly taking care of which are of vital importance for their normal development and growth. Every child has certain age-specific requirements that must be satisfied, for instance basic health care, nutrition and education are necessary for physical and mental development. Healthy psychosocial development depends in large measure on the nurturing and stimulation that children receive as they grow, and on the opportunities that they have to learn and master new skills. The healthy psychosocial development in refugee children should involve counseling and skills for coping effectively the multiple trauma of loss, uprooting and often more damaging experiences. Hence where the childrens developmental needs are not sufficiently met it results in long-term tragic consequences. Challenges and/or Controversies The Australia international obligations relating to refugees and children are not adequately publicised amongst public at large therefore everyone has their own perception about refugees. Majority believe that refugees are lairs, criminals, ‘forum shoppers, welfare cheats and queue jumpers[4]. It is interesting to note neither international law recognizes the terminology of ‘queue jumper nor other civilized nations use this terminology. The obvious reason for using this terminology could be that Australia is not willing to grant refugee status every individual opted for such status instead it has the intention to allow a carefully selected populace of pre-chosen countries to live as refugees in the country. A significant number of Australians also consider refugees a threat to economy and social services sector of the country. The arrival of children seeking refuge in Australia is comparatively less than the other developed countries, however still children remain a significant percentage of the total number of arrivals. Sometimes children flee alongwith their parents and/or guardians and sometimes alone (usually known as unaccompanied minors). The flight from homeland to the country of refuge subjects all including children to the notions of a new authority though a child neither has any motive nor has any voice in the decision of flight. Article 3 of the UNCRC gives overriding effect to the principle of ‘Best Interests of the child in these wording; â€Å"In all actions concerning children, weather undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interest of the child shall be a primary consideration†. The principle of ‘Best Interests of the child has been enunciated in different Australian laws however the law relating to onshore management of asylum seekers does not contain this principle. The Migration Amendment Act of 1992 identifies asylum seekers as designated persons.[5] Section 189 states that â€Å"a designated person must be detained during the processing of their refugee status†. Section 192 goes further giving two options for release obtaining a Temporary Protection Visa or being deported.[6] This section spells for mandatory detention of everyone including children till the decision of his/her status.[7] Here at this junction the lacking of distinction between immigration status of adults and children confuse the internationally accepted principle of ‘Best Interests of the child and same standard treatment is in contravention of the UNCRC. The policy of mandatory detention can not be justified on the plea that since childrens needs cannot be met in isolation, therefore they are kept with their caregiver in detention. As it is believed that children needs are normally meet most effectively within the context of family and community. It is therefore, necessary to strengthen the capacities of refugee families to meet their own needs and improve the participation and situation of adult refugees particularly women, in their child related activities and in this way they will contribute significantly to the welfare of their children. Selection of one challenge and its reflection on policy based solution Best Interest In relation to the refugee children whether accompanied or unaccompanied the primary goals of any action or program must be: To ensure the protection and healthy development of these children To achieve durable solutions appropriate to the immediate and long term developmental needs of these children. In absence of any uniform definition of ‘best interests for every child, a good indicator to judge whether a child best interests are being achieved, would be a childs aptitude that how much s/he enjoys his or her rights in a available environment.[8] Since the UNCRC also doesnt clearly define childs ‘best interest therefore in all actions and decisions affecting a child; â€Å"it is the best interests of that individual child which must be taken into account rather than children generally. The childs best interests†¦..must be the subject of active consideration†[9]. It necessitates to be established that childrens interests are of primary concerns and have adequately been conferred. The principle of ‘best interests reiterated in article 9(1) of the UNCRC states that children should never be separated from their parents against their will except when ‘necessary for the best interests of the child. The interaction between the ‘best interests principle, family unity and immigration can be enlightened by referring preamble of the UNCRC providing a reference point by recognizing that: â€Å"[T]he child, for the full and harmonious development of his of her personality, should grow up in a family environment, in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding†. In order to support the best interests of the refugee children many of the obligations under the UNCRC are relevant for instance, protection from violence, the highest attainable standards of physical and mental health, special care for children with disabilities, education, keeping confidentiality of their personal information, non-discrimination, recreation and the right to full cultural life (including language) are all factors that create a nurturing environment. Incorporating Children voices into policy debate UNCRC believes ‘voiced code for childrens participation in the programs affecting them. This legal instrument marks a change by respecting them as human being capable of full understandings and has power to decision and disregarded that they are being objects of adult intervention. The childrens right to participate in fellow societies has been accepted in articles 12-15 of the UNCRC. This convention has offered in addition to civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights, the right to freedom of opinion expression, information, religion and conscience; and the right to form associations[10]. Refugees children being most vulnerable members of Australian society, they should have the right to have their fundamental needs for shelter, food, physical and emotional care and education have been met, and to live freely and securely within our society. Our society should value and protect them. We are equally responsible alongwith the government to ensure these needs are met if a childs family/caregiver cannot or will not protect their rights. But due to their protracted legal status refugee children have concerns. They are not part of policy decision impacting their lives, hence condemned unheard and ignored. Purportedly three agencies the federal government, the private reformative firms and the state government are in charge of the management of detention centres. There is strong likelihood that these agencies would not consider childrens interests before their own. When the managers of such agencies are in chase of jurisdictional and policy issues where would children placed?[11] This management attitude proves the genuine worries, distress and concern of refugee children regarding their unresolved legal situation and their inability to move towards integration into the Australian community. Many children describe themselves as happy, good, but detailed their depression and distress that accompanied being in a limbo situation. The non-resolution of their migration or refugee situation is their paramount concern. The current manifestations of distress, while particularly concerning are equalled by the knowledge of the long term impact of ‘not belonging; to a community; to a state and to a nation. If a child cannot access normal citizenship, then their ability to grow emotionally and integrate themselves into their new country is diminished. These children have the possibility of becoming adults with a sense of frustration and anger that will impact on their lives and will impact on our lives in the Australian community in the forthcoming years. [NOTE: the writer considers the points of this paragraph as specifics impacting her local area of residence surrounded by refugee children] Conclusion If we step into the shoes of refugees and realize their sorrows and grieves then we will never deny the rights of refugee children to live with their families and reunite them when separated, having access to all basic necessities of life. If everyone of us recognize and struggle to make available all such rights to our children then why deny it for Iraqi, Afghan and Iranian children? We should provide them such harmonize environment where they can play, grow and learn. â€Å"We should keep ready ourselves to answer our children when they will look back on this time and ask what we did for refugee kids, at least we can say we gave them their childhood†[12].

Tithonus and the Eternal Consequences of Decisions :: Tithonus

Tithonus and the Eternal Consequences of Decisions "Tithonus" was written by Alfred, Lord Tennyson.   The poem's setting is the ancient story of Tithonus.   Tithonus fell in love with Eos, goddess of the dawn, and asked her for immortality.   Unfortunately for Tithonus he did not ask for eternal youth, only eternal life.   He, therefore, grows old but never dies while Eos not only never dies but also never grows old.   What makes Tithonus's situation worse is that "the gods themselves cannot recall their gifts" (49).   This dramatic monologue is characteristic of Tennyson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tithonus is an excellent example of a dramatic monologue.   There is a speaker, Tithonus, who is not the poet.   There is an audience-the gods.   Another characteristic of a dramatic monologue found in Tithonus is an exchange between the speaker and the audience:   "I asked thee, 'Give me immortality?'" (15).   A character study is when the speaker speaks from an extraordinary perspective:   Tithonus is looking back on his decision, a decision which the reader will never be able to make but can only dream of making.   His portrayal of his decision causes the common response to be rejected:   most people would want eternal life, but Tithonus proves this short-sighted.   Tithonus proves the wish for immortality vain by stating that: Why should a man desire in any way To vary from the kindly race of men, Or pass beyond the goal of ordinance Where all should pause, as is most meet for all?   (29-31).      Another trait of the dramatic monologue is the dramatic, or critical, moment.   In Tithonus this moment is when Tithonus decides that he does not want immortality: "take back thy gift" (27).   "Tithonus" has all of the basic traits of a dramatic monologue: a speaker who is not the poet, an identifiable audience, an exchange between the two, a critical moment, and a character study of the speaker.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One other trait of a dramatic monologue is a dramatic tension.   This tension is between harsh judgment and sympathy.   This tension makes the audience see objectively rather than subjectively.   The audience has sympathy for Tithonus, because he suffers:   "strong hours indignant worked their wills, and beat me down and marred and wasted me" (50)   His telling the story also bring sympathy from the audience.   The audience must judge Tithonus negatively, because he has made an error.   His error was his will "to vary from the kindly race of men" (29).

Advertisers Do Have a Responsibility to Society Essay

We are live in a society surrounded by a variety of advertisements. The amount spent alone in advertisement by the top 10 companies in the U.S. cost up to billions of dollars per year. Advertisements can be both beneficial and harmful to viewers. Consumers collect information about a certain product or service through advertisement so advertisers have a responsibility to deliver truthful information to the public. However, advertisers frequently disregard these important responsibilities. They rather focus on creating false advertisements to deceive their target audience by using a variety of advertising techniques. Because advertiser wants to sell more amount than competitor, advertiser creates false, deceptive, exaggerative, excess advertisement. These kinds of advertisement cause consumers to spend more. Moreover, it lacks the consumers’ ability to judge the products. See more:Â  Perseverance essay For example, Dannon’s popular Activia brand yogurt lured consumers into paying more for its purported nutritional benefits. When it was actually pretty much the same as every other kind of yogurt (ABC News). Another example is for Taco Bell’s seasoned beef. When consumers raised questions about what was actually seasoning Taco Bell’s seasoned beef, the company didn’t know how to respond. It was simply using oat filler. Which means the meat isn’t seasoned beef at all, according to USDA standards. The franchise had been tricking its consumers into thinking its products were of a higher grade than they actually were (Ad Age). In conclusion, whether company or person, who are not aware of information, will fall behind. Even though there is good side of advertise, such as fast deliver information, wider choices, and instruct way of spending. However, on other hands, advertiser creates stereotypes, selling bad food towards children, using sex, etc. by using many adverting techniques. I believe these kind of advertise causes so much bad influence on our society.

Kurds - A People Without A State Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Kurds - A People Without A State Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Kurds - A People Without a State Introduction Of all the ethnic groups in the world, the Kurds are one of the largest that has no state to call their own. According to historian William Westermann, "The Kurds can present a better claim to race purity...than any people which now inhabits Europe." (Bonner, p. 63, 1992) Over the past hundred years, the desire for an independent Kurdish state has created conflicts mainly with the Turkish and Iraqi populations in the areas where most of the Kurds live. This conflict has important geographical implications as well. The history of the Kurdish nation, the causes for these conflicts, and an analysis of the situation will be discussed in this paper. History of the Kurds The Kurds are a Sunni Muslim people living primarily in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. The 25 million Kurds have a distinct culture that is not at all like their Turkish, Persian, and Arabic neighbors (Hitchens, p. 36, 1992). It is this cultural difference between the groups that automatically creates the potential for conflict. Of the 25 million Kurds, approximately 10 million live in Turkey, four million in Iraq, five million in Iran, and a million in Syria, with the rest scattered throughout the rest of the world (Bonner, p. 46, 1992). The Kurds also have had a long history of conflict with these other ethnic groups in the Middle East, which we will now look at. The history of Kurds in the area actually began during ancient times. However, the desire for a Kurdish homeland did not begin until the early 1900?s, around the time of World War I. In his Fourteen Points, President Woodrow Wilson promised the Kurds a sovereign state (Hitchens, p. 54, 1992). The formation of a Kurdish state was supposed to have been accomplished through the Treaty of Sevres in 1920 which said that the Kurds could have an independent state if they wanted one (Bonner, p. 46, 1992). With the formation of Turkey in 1923, Kemal Ataturk, the new Turkish President, threw out the treaty and denied the Kurds their own state. This was the beginning of the Turkish-Kurdish conflict. At about this same time, the Kurds attempted to establish a semi-independent state, and actually succeeded in forming the Kingdom of Kurdiez, which lasted from 1922-1924; later, in 1946, some of the Kurds established the Mahabad Republic, which lasted for only one year (Prince, p. 17, 1993). In 1924, Turkey even passed a law banning the use of the Kurdish language in public places. Another group of people to consider is the Kurds living in Iraq. Major conflict between the Kurds and Iraqis did not really begin until 1961, when a war broke out that lasted until 1970. Around this time, Saddam Hussein came to power in Iraq. In 1975, Hussein adopted a policy of eradicating the Kurds from his country. Over the next fifteen years, the Iraqi army bombed Kurdish villages, and poisoned the Kurds with cyanide and mustard gas (Hitchens, p. 46, 1992). It is estimated that during the 1980?s, Iraqis destroyed some 5000 Kurdish villages (Prince, p. 22, 1993). From this point, we move into the recent history and current state of these conflicts between the Kurds and the Turks, and the Kurds against the Iraqis. Causes for Conflict The reasons for these conflicts have great relevance to geography. The areas of geography relating to these specific conflicts are a historical claim to territory on the part of the Kurds, cultural geography, economic geography, and political geography. These four areas of geography can best explain the reasons for these Kurdish conflicts. First, the Kurds have a valid historical claim to territory. They have lived in the area for over 2000 years. For this reason, they desire the establishment of a Kurdish homeland. Iraqis and Turks, while living in the area for a long period of time, cannot make a historical claim to that same area. The conflict arises, however, because the area happens to lie within the borders of Iraq and Turkey. Even though the Kurds claim is valid, the Turks and Iraqis have chosen to ignore it and have tried to wipe out the Kurds. Second, and probably most important, is that this conflict involves cultural geography. The Kurds are ethnically and culturally

My sister Saved my life Professor Ramos Blog

My sister Saved my life Do you ever feel like the cost of living ever out weighs your monthly income or even no matter how much you work your bills keep getting bigger? At one point in my life I felt that way. I was living paycheck to paycheck with no extra money to save. I come from a family of six, me being the second youngest growing up my parents did not have a lot of money. My dad raised us by himself and most of the time he was living paycheck to paycheck. Of course, we always had what we needed but that’s it nothing extra. I remember that he was barely able to make ends meet and could not really save money. So, it was hard for him if something was to happen to his truck. He would have to borrow money or just not have a truck due to him not having extra money to fix it. My mom was not really in the picture. So, I really didn’t have anyone at the time to teach me the importance of saving money. Since I was a little girl I always looked up to my sister as if she was my second mom. By the time my sister was twenty-four she was the one raising me, working at the movie theaters making minimum wage and going to college to be a teacher. I was sixteen, in high school and had just got my first job at Bakers Drive Thru. I went to school Monday thru Friday from 7:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. and then would go to work from 4 p.m. to 10 p.m. five to six days a week. On the weekends I would work from 12 p.m. to 10 p.m. I felt like I was always working and going to school but never had money. After working there for six months I thought to myself I’m going to be just like my dad living paycheck to paycheck and barely making ends meet. I was never going to be successful like my sister. But then there was this one summer day I was with my sister and we went to the bank to pull out money. She had happened to get a receipt and I happened to look at it and noticed how much was in her savings. I was shocked! So, I asked â€Å"how did you learn to save your money?† She learned from her boyfriend that works, goes to school and is barely making minimum wage. She states, â€Å"I pay my bills, go grocery shopping, put gas in my car, and then pull out forty dollars cash.† The forty dollars was for her to buy a shirt, go out to eat with friends, or do whatever she wanted to do with that money. She just knew that the forty dollars is all she had for the rest of the week. Anything left after that she must save. At the time I did not have a lot of bills. I just payed for my phone bill. So, I would just go blow my money on anything and everything. It was hard for me to grasp the concept on how to save money. My sister had started to notice since I would ask to borrow money from her a lot. So, she offered to help by managing my money. She would help by getting what I needed and would only give me forty dollars a week. At the beginning I hated it. At the age of sixteen and a teenager who wouldn’t want their money to have and control it. It took me a year to finally realize she is doing it to set me up for success. After a year, I saved enough money to purchase my first car. I was so excited that I was finally able to purchase my first car. I purchased a grey 2015 Sport Toyota Corolla. Without the help of my sister I wouldn’t be able to purchase a car. I currently work for a retirement home called Plymouth Village. Making a little over minimum wage. I have realized the more money I make the more bills get thrown my way. I now have rent, phone bill, utility’s, and a car payment to make. So, it can be hard to save at times with all the bills. But I have now managed my own money for over two years. Sometimes it is hard because I still want to spend more than the forty dollars I have a week, but I know I can’t due to the fact I need money in my savings for emergencies, such as if my car breaks down, if I happen to get sick and not be able to work. Also, in case if my daughter needs anything, you just never know what life will throw your way, so I try my best to save. It is best to learn to save as soon as you can, so you can be successful in life. If something was to happen to my car or my daughter I would have no money if I didn’t learn how to save. My sister saved my life and I can’t thank her enough for teaching me how to manage my money, without her help I would still be spending my money and living paycheck to paycheck. picture source:  https://www.google.com/search?q=money+locked+with+chainsource=lnmstbm=ischsa=Xved=0ahUKEwj3oYzx1bTdAhULw1QKHTBGDQoQ_AUICigBbiw=1280bih=584#imgrc=RPVUL4kzlY4NZM:

Can Literature Tell the Truth better than other arts or Essay

Can Literature Tell the Truth better than other arts or - Essay Example Modern technology is so increasingly dominating the world minds that the taste for art and literature has taken a back seat in our interests. Literary compositions--- poetry, drama, prose, novel, and story are a very old form of art and have always been very close to human heart. The immortal compositions of great masters continue to entertain the human hearts of all generations. The present day masters in the field are in no way inferior but given the other faculties of entertainment that modern technology is offering this art is attracting lesser interest. Now the question---- can literature tell the truth ---- has two aspects of thought, what it tells and how No literary depictions are factual events, but they always reflect some objective observations of the artist. They are the feedbacks of truth if not the actual truth. There are lots of literary works based on true historical events but they do not depict the historical events in the truthful perspective. The artist here by his artistic talents produces a piece of art though related to the historical facts. The purpose of the artist here also is not to depict an historical event but to create a piece of art. A literary artist is not a historian whose duty is to find out the real truths and present them before the reader and preserve them for use by all future generations. The truth of a historian is determined by how he has toiled to find out the truth and how honestly he has put it in his work. The literary artist has no such obligation to fulfill. He writes for the pleasure of the reader by fabricating events through the rich flights of his imagination just like a painter who paints a painting the details of which touch the cords of human heart so deeply that it becomes a joy forever. A present day poet or novelist or a playwright is a professional too. He has to keep pace with the other professionals in maintaining himself financially. He writes according to the tastes of his readers that would fetch him enough money besides name that he wants for himself. He is not much interested in the service of the literature as the old masters in the field used to be. He is not expected to write about true stories or events but at the same time his work cannot be away from the hard realities of life. They should reflect them truly otherwise public cannot appreciate them and he can be thrown out of the public gaze. The modern literature thus really tells the truth by reflecting the facts of life. Literature, in fact, has the capacity to tell truths better than other arts as different forms of literature have a much larger field. Take the case of poetry in almost all the languages of the world, both the widely used and little used, it is the oldest form of literature that continues to entertain people at all levels since time immemorial. Poetry has always been closest to the human heart in all ages for it's reflecting the truest and hardest realities of life. It continues to do so and cannot be equaled or superseded by any other form of art whatsoever. Though no serious poetry depicts in its

Food Law and Regulation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Food Law and Regulation - Term Paper Example According to Chinese scientists, consumption of bread that contains estrogen-like can lead to enlargement of breasts in male. Such enlargement of breasts would develop if the male consumed large amount of estrogen. It was concluded that male with large breasts must have consumed bread containing synthetic estrogen. Furthermore, traditional breads that contain dong quai are believed to constitute estrogen-like components. Specialists argue that people should consume traditional breads under strict supervision of a qualified herbalist to avoid any complications. In addition, they demanded that any bread that contains estrogen-like components should be indicated. Only those who want the component should purchase it. To maintain safe milk in Canada, any milk meant for human consumption must be subjected to various regulatory acts which are imposed by Canadian Food Inspection Agency, the Canadian  Agriculture Products Act and Dairy Product Regulations. These organizations ensure that any milk meant for the human consumption is graded and packed in healthy containers to avoid any contamination. In addition, they collaborate with companies that produce livestock food to ensure they do not include large or harmful amount of estrogen. Lastly, before any dairy product is allowed to the market, it must be tested to ensure it does not contain any harmful estrogen-like components (Science.gov, 2013). Nutritionists in Canada and USA argued advised people to consume organically produced food most of the time. They also claimed that utilization of cruciferous vegetables like cabbage, cauliflower and kale are helpful as they contain substances that aid in elimination of harmful estrogens. Those who love fish and meat were encouraged to consume wild fish and hormone-free meat to avoid absorbing harmful estrogen in their body system. Farmers are encouraged to avoid using pesticides to control weeds. Instead, they were